5-Layer Arm-Size Sphere Phantom Model
The sphere is composed of five layers whose properties at 900 MHz are defined in Table 6 [9]. The sphere has a radius of 0.040 m. A voxel and a tetrahedral CAD model are available for download. The voxel model was created from a set of images that contained slices of a sphere with a pixel resolution of 1/3 × 1/3 mm2 in the x-y plane and 1 mm resolution between slices in the z-direction, i.e., the same resolution as the Visible Human Male dataset that was used to construct the AustinMan model. These slices were then coarsened and extruded (using the 3-D coarsening method) in the same manner as the AustinMan model to produce the voxel model. The CAD model was generated using NX I-DEAS.
Table 6: 5-Layer Arm-Size Sphere Definition
| Tissue | Layer [mm] | Rel. Perm. (εr) | Cond. (σ) [S/m] |
| Bone Marrow | 0 < r < 8 | 5.5043 | 0.040208 |
| Bone Cortical | 8 < r < 12 | 12.454 | 0.14331 |
| Muscle | 12 < r < 32 | 55.032 | 0.94294 |
| Fat | 32 < r < 36 | 5.462 | 0.051043 |
| Skin | 36 < r < 40 | 41.405 | 0.86674 |
The sphere models are available for validation purposes. The 5-layer arm-size sphere models were added to the AustinMan website on 8/21/2013.
| Model Type | Element Resolution | Number of Elements | File Size |
| Voxel | 1×1×1 mm3 | 268,096 voxels | 71 MB |
| Voxel | 2×2×2 mm3 | 33,504 voxels | 9.1 MB |
| Voxel | 4×4×4 mm3 | 4,224 voxels | 1.2 MB |
| CAD | 1.00 mm3 | 268,696 tetrahedrons | 39 MB |
| CAD | 7.97 mm3 | 33,504 tetrahedrons | 4.9 MB |
| CAD | 60.84 mm3 | 4,264 tetrahedrons | 640 KB |
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