# lut_room

room_desc:
On the NW from the Courtyard, "fishroom"


# tbl_context

description:
Medium to  large stones in a matrix of brown soil covering south east two thirds of room 28, [just over floor surface]; partially excavated in 2002 as PA   [find number]. Depth varies from 10 to 20 cm, deeper to northeast.  Initially thought to be over floor; later determined to be over another layer of destruction or dumping.

observations:
no clear division from upper layer of collapse in adjoining room and street; exposed for 2 years


description:
Medium to large stones in a matrix of brown soil, just below topsoil over the entire area of the room.


description:
Layer of medium - large stones, large quantity of tile fragments in matrix of brown soil.  Covers entire area of room 32. Several pieces of modern material, ceramics of a mixed date, apparently typical of wall collapses.  Earlier material in fabric of walls.  Area of small charcoal flecks near southern stairs.

observations:
Rubble in western door between room 32 and 29 removed as part of this layer. Worked in area to the northeast, some small areas of 2.5YR 4/4 reddish brown in northeast corner (this area assigned context numer 346). Charcoal sample taken from south portion of unit.

-- Notes from July 2005: the relationship between this layer and 346 is confused and stratigraphic relationship between the two layers, as reported in 2004, is unreliable; original sheet had 338 covering 346, but that relationship has now been deleted

dating_elements:
modern iron; tenth to thirteenth century ceramics


description:
Layer of medium to large stones in matrix of brown earth; covers entire area of room 29.

observations:
Possible that the cut/disturbance in  SR343  also cut this layer but that it was not noticed in the upper levels. So the chronological relationship between this layer and SR343 is not quite certain.  May equal SR 338

-- NB from 2005 revision: according to interpretation of stratigraphic sequence, the two pits found lower in this layer were almost certainly cut into its surface and not noticed during excavation (since no separate layer recognizable in which the cuts could have begun); as a result, stratigraphic relationships edited on 8 July 2005 to reflect two cuts in 339


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr. E del Vano 2 con andamento NW\SE, tangente USCHSE35-39


desc_brief:
Muratura nell'angolo W del Vano 2 Perpendicolare all'USCHKY24


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr. N\W del Vano 2 con andamento S\W N\E


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr. N\W del Vano 2 con andamento S\W-N\E


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr. N\W tra Vano 2 e Vano 2a con andamento S\W-N\E


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr. W del Vano 2A con andamento N\W-S\E


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr. N del Vano 2A con andamento S\W N\E


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr. W del Vano 2B con andamento N\W-S\E


desc_brief:
Muro perpendicolare a USCHKY1 Nell'angolo E del Vano 2 con andamento SW\NE


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr. tra Vano 2 e Vano 1 con andamento S\W-N\E nell'angolo N del Vano 1


desc_brief:
Muro di Tamponamento tra USCHKY35-22 con andamento S\W-N\E nell'angolo W del Vano 1


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr.  tra Vano1 e Vano 2 con andamento S\W N\E


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr. tra  Vano 2 e Vano 3  con andamento S\W N\E nell'angolo W del Vano 2


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr. N\W del Vano 2 con andamento N\W-S\E nell'angolo S del Vano 3


desc_brief:
Canaletta in  Vano 2A con andamento S\W-N\E


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr. S del Vano 2 con andamento ad "S"


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr. N del Vano 1 con andamento S\W N\E


desc_brief:
Muro perpendicolare a USCHKY33 con andamento N\W-S\E in Vano 1


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr. tra  Vano 1 e Vano 2 con andamento S\W-N\E


desc_brief:
Struttura a profilo ellittico a S di USCHKY40


desc_brief:
Muro di cinta a S del Vano 2 con andamento SW\NE


description:
Strato di superficie ricco di radici e di lumache e valve di ostriche. Sono stati rinvenuti: 
-oggetti appartenenti alla guerra di Crimea. 
-materiale moderno
-Distribuzione di pietre di piccole e medie dimensioni.
-laterizi e ceramica postmedievale e moderna


description:
Il muro si conserva in alzato per tre filari ben definiti, mentre del quarto filare restano solo due blocchi informi. Si tratta di un muro a doppio paramento com insacco costituito da piccole pietre miste a terreno grigio, con radici e frammenti di laterizi. La tessitura sembra abbastanza regolare costituita da blocchi squadrati (vd. Schizzo scheda)


description:
Muro a doppio paramento costruito con blocchi irregolari. All'interno piccole pietre, radici e terreno grigio.


description:
Strato di terreno compatto di colore grigio con inclusi lapidei, piccole radici e frr. microscopici di lumache. Frr. di ossa animali, frr. di carboncino.


desc_brief:
Strato di Terreno tra USCHPA29 e USCHPA97

description:
Strato di colore grigio scuro  con radici, inclusi lapidei. Scavato (23/7/2001) solo un piccolo angolo.


description:
Strato di terreno compatto, di colore grigio chiaro con numerosi inclusi calcarei, frr lapidei, frr di carboncino. Non e stato scavato per intero. Al di sotto si intravede gia un blocco forse la pavimentazione del corridoio.


description:
Strato di intonaco dalla superficie di colore grigio non decorato. La superficie e lisciata rozzamente con evidenti tracce di imperfezioni. Lo strato di preparazione e dato da calce bianca con microscopici inclusi di frr di laterizi(?).


description:
Strato di crollo composto da pietre di varie dimensioni, frr di laterizi, frr di ceramica e frr di malta di colore bianco.


description:
tratto di muro a secco con tessitura irregolare in cattivo stato di conservazione. E' composto da pietre irregolari o appena sbozzate. Sembra si appoggi al piano al piano pavimentale PA 110.


description:
Terreno di colore grigio chiaro compatto, conservato solo nell'angolo NW del vano. Presenza di frr di carboncino, ceramica, radici.


description:
Strato di terreno friabile, di colore grigiastro e di matrice sabbiosa individuato nell'amb 23. La us e caratterizzata dalla presenza di una consistente quantita di materiale ceramico, ossi e reperti malacologici sulla interfaccia superiore. La superficie dell ostrato e irregolare e inclinata da S verso N. Lo spessore dello strato non e uniforme e in ogni caso si riduce a pochi cm. Il margine di definizione con la us sottostante e diffuso. La us ha erestituito anche un fr di consistenti dimensioni di bomba in ferro.


description:
soglia individuata tra il muro PA 32 e lo stipite facente parte della struttura PA 155. E' composta da lastre di forma irregolare di altezza variabile tra i 4 e i 10 cm. Presenta una leggera alzata (ca 5 cm) in corrispondenza del muro PA 32 (paramento interno?). Sembra in fase con il piano di frequentazione PA 110.


description:
Strato di terreno di colore grigio scuro presente a S del vano 20. Lo strato contiene frr. di ceramica non invetriata e anfore, piccole radici e pietre di piccole e medie dimensioni. Lo strato e ben visibile lungo la sezione S/W del settore PA. Piccolissimi inclusi di calce bianca. (vd. Schizzo scheda)


description:
Piano di frequentazione dell'area a N della chiesa. Terreno con andamento pseudo pianeggiante, pressato, misto a frr. Ceramici, piccole pietre, laterizi, calcare. Davanti alla soglia PA 109 assume quasi l'aspetto di un lastricato, per il resto risulta abbastanza eterogeneo con numerose tracce di bruciato.


description:
struttura voltata / silos sottoposta al piano PA 110, intercettata grazie ad un "collasso" dello stesso. E' costruita in blocchi calcarei di altezza compresa tra i 15 e i 18 cm e di lunghezza variabile (40-60 cm). Probabilmente campaniforme.


desc_brief:
Strato di Riempimento del Silos USCHPA111

description:
strato di riempimento del silos PA 111. Terreno incoerente, friabile, con chiazze di cenere e piccole pietre. Presenza di ossa animali (anche fauna ittica), ceramica, laterizi, scorie ferrose. Margine di distinzione netto.


description:
Strato di crollo di pietre di medie dimensioni  e di terreno organico. Difficile capire il rapporto con la us 115 perche non e stato scavato.


description:
Si tratta dello stesso terreno rinvenuto nell'angolo NW del vano.


description:
Scavato solo in parte. Strato di crollo composto da grossi blocchi irregolari, particolarmente nell'angolo SW del vano.


description:
Struttura semicircolare situata nell'angolo NW del vano. Costruita con blocchi irregolari posti a filari, piccole pietre e frr di pithoi, laterizi e ceramica. Terreno grigio, molte radici.


desc_brief:
Sistemazione per SFCHPA507 (Zeppe Pithos)

description:
Struttura circolare costruita con piccole pietre poste in circolo per reggere la base dello SF 507. La struttura si compone di 7 pietre poste in circolo e sembrano poggiare su una base liscia e piana.


description:
Strato di terreno conservato solo nella parte NW del vano e resta solo un lembo. Contiene terreno compatto grigio, ceramica, carboncino.


description:
Terreno morbido con ossi di piccoli animali, inclusi lapidei, radici


description:
Distesa di crollo che copre la strada tra il settore PA ed il settore SE a  sud-est dell'area di scavo. Il crollo e dato da blocchi irregolari e molti frr. di laterizi. Pochi frr. di ceramica e qualche frr. di vetro. Il crollo segue un andamento discendente dalle creste dei muri, ad E e W, verso il centro.


description:
Tre chianche in pietra locale a cui si lega un terreno compatto di colore grigio chiaro con frr di ceramica, laterizi e inclusi di calcare.


description:
Muro di fondazione con orientamento NW-SE individuato a chiusura del lato occidentale dell'amb 23. La usm, visibile solo per un breve tratto del paramento orientale, presenta una posa in opera abbastanza accurata realizzata con blocchi calcarei di grandi dimensioni (cm 35x25; 40x15) e di forma irregolare, privi tuttavia di tracce di lavorazione, disposti in corsi orizzontrali (la usm e stata evidenziata per un max di 3 filari) regolarizzati con pietre calcaree di piccole dimensioni. La usm presenta come legante un terreno friabile di matrice sabbiosa.


description:
Strato al di sotto della us 10 costituito da pietre medie e piccole, laterizi, ceramica. Colore grigio scuro. Terreno granuloso con carboncini.


description:
Due blocchi in pietra locale su cui poggia la us 74. Dimensioni del blocco piu grande 74x30 cm. Fattura irregolare. Faccia irregolare.


description:
Si conservano tre gradini con una pedata standard di 27 cm ed un'alzata di 21/22 cm. Ognuno dei primi due gradini e costituito da due lastre di lunghezza variabile mentre il terzo e un blocco monolitico largo 46 cm, dei quali 27 cm di pedata mentre la restante parte si lega al sacco della rampa. La struttura presenta un solo paramento, sul lato E, mentre ad W si appoggia al muro di contraffortamento PA 32.


description:
strato di crollo ad E del muro PA 32 e PA 33. Si appoggia parzialmente alla rampa di scale PA 124. Pietre di varie dimensioni miste a laterizi e ceramica. Terreno polveroso, morbido con numerose radici. Non scavato


description:
Strato di crollo ad E del muro PA 31. Pietre di varie dimensioni, generalmente irregolari, misto a terreno molto morbido e ricco di radici. Non scavato


description:
Muro di delimitazione del vano 20 costruito con pietre squadrate accanto a pietre informi. Il muro si conserva ma non ha una tessitura regolare per 5 filari. Partendo dall'alto i primi 3 filari seguono una tessitura regolare: a blocchi regolari si alternano blocchi irregolari seguendo sempre una tessitura regolare. Gli ultimi due filari sono costruiti solo con blocchi irregolari che seguono, comunque una tessitura regolare. Il muro e costruito con doppio paramento con piccole piccole pietre miste a terra di colore grigio di consistenza morbida. Il terreno contiene radici e frammenti di laterizi.


desc_brief:
Strato ricco di ceramica (Anfore e pithoi)

description:
Strato di terreno sabbioso, molto friabile e di colore marrone scuro esteso nell'amb 21.La us e caratterizzata dalla presenza di una grande quantita di materiale ceramico sulla superficie, in prevalenza anfore e pithoi.La superficie della us e irregolare e lo spessore poco consistente.Il margine di definizione con il sottostante strato di terra battuta(153) e netto. La us ha restituito anche una croce in  ferro di grandi dimensioni (ca. 50x30 cm), e un lungo gambo di chiodo (lung ca. 20 cm). La us ha restituito pochissimi resti di pasto. Assenti frr. di laterizi e pietre. La concentrazione dei frr di pithoi (almeno due esemplari)  e limitata all'arera meridionale del vano; i frr di anfore (tutte di produzione locale) sono prevalentemente diffusi nell'area N dell'ambiente.

dating_elements:
Anf. Chersonesos, Zeuxippus ware, cer. Islamica


description:
Taglio percettibile dalla differenza di terreno presente ai suoi lati. Probabilemente segue un andamento semicircolare ad angolo tra i muri 127 e 10.


desc_brief:
Crollo tegole Vano 20 (II° strato di crollo)

description:
Strato di crollo caratterizzato dalla presenza di una grande  quantita' di tegole e poche pietre mescolate tra loro. E' ubicato nella zona N\W del vano a ris\dosso delle USCHPA9 e USCHPA10. Il terreno mesolato alle tegole e' di colore grigiastro con molte piccole radici e lumache. Il crollo segue un andamento discendente dall'USCHPA10 verso il centro del vano.


description:
Strato di crollo di tegole misto a poche pietre informi. Alcuni laterizi sono decorati. Lungo il lato ovest della us si vedono, in sezione, tracce di malta.


description:
Crollo di pietre di piccole e medie dimensioni mescolate a frammenti di ceramica di ridotte dimensioni e a frammenti di malta bianca.


description:
Il muro e parzialmente distrutto e restano solo pochi blocchi. Sembra costruito con doppio paramento ma le sue cattive condizioni di conservazione non permettono di definire il sacco. Al di sopra di alcuni blocchi vi sono tracce di malta.


description:
Probabile soglia sulla strada del vano 26


description:
Terreno polveroso con pochi reperti, probabilmente di origine naturale (eolico+decomposizione vegetale)


desc_brief:
Piano\Battuto nell'abside e nella navata

description:
Strato con presenza di piccoli frr di malta, laterizi e ceramica


desc_brief:
Macchia di bruciato addossata all'USCHPA35

description:
Strato di terreno con grosse macchie di bruciato individuato a S del muro 35. Il terreno contiene una grande quantita di carboncino.


description:
Breve tratto della fondazione dei muri 26 e 27 evidenziata in corrispondenza del passaggio che mette in comunicazione gli ambienti 21 e 27. Della struttura murariae stato messo in evidenza un solo filare e limitatamente ad una porzione lungo le due murature 26 e 27 nella faccia rivolta a N. La limitatezza della porzione evidenziata non permette di descrivere il tipo di apparecchiatura muraria utilizzato.La usm e costituita da materiale lapideo composto da pietre calcaree di grandi (35x33 cm), medie (10x 15 cm) e piccole dimensioni, queste ultime limitatamente al nucleo della struttura.La usm utilizza come legante un terreno sabbioso, friabile, di colore grigiastro.


desc_brief:
Crollo di Tegole nell'angolo N\E del Vano 21

description:
Lembo di crollo di laterizi (prevalentemente tegole) individuato nell'angolo NE del vano 21. La us presen ta una superficie poco regolare caratterizzata dalla presenza di numerosi frr di laterizi di cui alcuni decorati (ricorre il motivo del cavallo).Frammisti ai laterizi sono anche alcune pietre calcaree in prevalenza di medie diemnsioni (da riferire forse al sovrastante crollo dei muri). Il margine di definizione con la us sottostante e netto. La us ha restituito pochi frr ceramici e reperti malacologici.


desc_brief:
Strato di terreno compatto nell'angolo S\W del vano

description:
Strato di terreno compatto individuato nell'angolo SW dell'amb 21. La us presenta una superficie abbastanza regolare, leggermente inclinata da SW verso NE. In superficie la us presenta pochi frr di laterizi (tegole)di grandi dimensionie qualche pietra ma in prevalenza la us e costituita da terreno compatto. La composizione, la posizione e il tipo di reperti restituiti dallo strato consentono di interpretarlo fors ecome crollo di un elemento di chiusura dell'ambiente. La us ha infatti restituito alcuni elementi in ferro da riferire forse ad una porta lignea. Il margine di definizione con la sottostante us 128 e netto.


description:
Strato di terreno molto sciolto di colore giallognolo. Al suo interno piccolissimi inclusi calcarei e piccolissime radici che sembrano tenere assieme il terreno nelle poche zolle presenti. Il terreno e pulito, con scarsissimi frr. di ceramica. Man mano che lo strato si spinge verso sud diventa sempre piu spesso e piu compatto. Simile a USCHPA65 ed USCHPA61. (vd. Schizzo scheda)


description:
Taglio irregolarmente rettilineo dal margine superiore molto irregolare individuato nella porzione S dell'amb 23, in prossimita dei muri 57 e 58. La us risulta di difficile lettura e interpretazione in quanto all'estremita SW del vano e stata rinvenuta una mina, forse pertinente alla guerra di Crimea, che ha sconvolto in parte la sequenza fisica degli strati in quest'area. A causa della sospensione dello scavo all'interno del vano risulta difficile capire i rapporti strastigrafici della us con le altre us . La prosecuzione dello scavo nella prossima campagna potra chiarire i dubbi esposti.


desc_brief:
Strato di crollo di pietre e tegole lungo i muri USCHPA57-58

description:
Strato di pietre e laterizi individuato nella zona S dell'amb 23. La us e caratterizzata da una superficie irregolare in cui sono visibili pietre calcaree di medie dimensioni e di forma irregolare frammiste a spezzoni di laterizi, ossi di animali e pochi frr. ceramici.


desc_brief:
Strato di bruciato esteso nell'area W del Vano

description:
Strato di terreno sabbioso, friabile esteso nella porzione occidentale dell'amb 23.La us e caratterizzata  da una superficie poco regolare in pendenza da S verso N. In superficie sono visibili tracce di bruciato distribuite in modo non uniforme e resti di pasto, anche questi non uniformemente presenti sulla superficie. Una concentrazione particolare di tracce di bruciato e ossi e visibile in prossimita del muro 22.


description:
Strato di terreno sabbioso e di consistenza compatta individuato nell'angolo NE dell'amb 23. La us presenta un asuperficie irregolare.


description:
Taglio effettuato dinanzi all'abside. La us di forma longitudinale ha un orientamento NS


description:
Riempimento di colore grigio con frr di ceramica, laterizi e ossa umane. Presenza di intonaco dipinto. 
Non scavato


description:
Taglio di fondazione del muro PA 31. Andamento irregolare.non scavato.


desc_brief:
Riempimento della fossa di fondazione USCHPA146

description:
Riempimento della fossa di fondazione PA 146. E' composto da terreno misto a piccole pietre, frr di laterizi e ceramica in evidente posizione verticale (inzeppatura). Margine di definizione diffuso.


description:
Muro molto danneggiato. Restano solo pochi blocchi nella parte NE della chiesa. Muro a doppio paramento. Tracce di malta su alcuni blocchi. Non scavato.


description:
Crollo di malta localizzato a ridosso della us 35. Lo strato segue un andamento rettilineo, anche se ha dei contorni irregolari, lungo il muro 35.


description:
Strato di pietre calcaree e terreno distribuito nell'intera area del vano. L'US e caratterizzata da pietre, non lavorate, di grandi e medie dimensioni e di forma irregolare che denotano una superficie dello strato molto irregolare ed accidentato. Le pietre sono mescolate a terreno sabbioso, friabile e di colore grigio. L'US ha restituito numerosi frr. Di laterizi (solo tegole), frr. Ceramici e ossa animali. Il margine di definizione con le US sottostanti e netto. L'US ha restituito anche un blocco di forma irregolare (cm 30x25) fratturato in antico e caratterizzato su una delle facce dalla presenza di un incavo quadrangolare (cm 13x15), poco profondo (cm 8). Si tratta forse di un elemento architettonico (SF658) funzionale probabilmente all'allogiamento di una trave lignea.


description:
Grosso blocco di forma parallelepipeda ubicato a ridosso della us 35. Il blocco e eroso sulla faccia rivolta a S. Dalla us 35 dista 41 cm. Tra us 150 e us 151= 90 cm ca.


description:
Grosso blocco di forma parallelepipeda ubicato a ridosso della us 35. Il blocco e meno eroso del precedente ma e realizzato con una pietra piu tenera.


description:
Grosso blocco di forma rozzamente parallelepipeda che funge da blocco angolare della us 73. Accanto al primo blocco, verso W, c'e un altro grande blocco coperto dalla us 85 sulla strada.


description:
Strato di terreno sabbioso, di colore grigiastro-beige e di consistenza compatta esteso all'interno dell'amb 21. La us presenta una superficie irregolare nell'area antistante ai muri 26 e 27 e al varco di ingresso del vano mentre la superficie e piuttosto regolare nell'area settentrionale dell'ambiente. In superficie sono presenti numerosi frustuli di carbone e, in corrispondenza del varco di ingresso dell'amb, alcune chiazze giallastre da riferire forse ad una porta lignea di chiusura del vano. In prossimita del muro 27 e del varco di ingresso e stata individuata una lastra calcarea di forma regolare (35x30 cm) che potrebbe essere un residuo di una pavimentazione dell'ambiente (non numerata come us).


description:
Banco roccioso individuato nel vano 25. Costituisce la fondazione dei muri PA 50, PA 49, PA 77, probabilmente PA 156.


description:
Muro con andamento NW-SE interrotto dalla sezione NE dell'area di scavo. Il muro, a doppio paramento, e costruito con blocchi irregolari tra cui un grosso blocco in rapporto alla us 109. Il paramento N segue un andamento rettilineo mentre quello S devia vistosamente verso l'interno del vano dietro l'abside.Tra i due paramenti sono presenti piccole pietre, terreno grigio e radici.


description:
Delimita a N/E il vano 25. E' visibile solo il paramento interno e parte del sacco, trovandosi sul limite N dell'area di scavo. Muro conservato per quattro corsi, alquanto irregolari, definito ad W dallo stipite per la porta d'accesso al vano. Esso e formato da tre blocchi posti in orizzontale, dei quali uno si lega alla muratura grazie al particolare profilo ad "L".  Come per lo speculare muro PA 77 e facile prevedere l'esistenza del "dormiente" subito sopra l'alzato di muro conservato. L'irregolarita della tessitura consente di attribuire al muro funzione statica di scarsa rilevanza (intramezzo?).


description:
Pavimento in chianche conservato nella parte E del vano 25. Messa in opera molto accurata per mezzo di lastre in pietra viva di forma irregolare perfettamente "incastrate". Interstizi riempiti di piccole pietre e terreno compatto. Il piano poggia direttamente sul banco roccioso naturale e presenta un'apprezzabile pendenza verso E.


description:
taglio di una buca scavata nel banco roccioso nella parte W del vano 25 sotto il pavimento PA 157. Taglio abbastanza verticale, sembra si appoggi al muro PA 77. Non scavato


desc_brief:
Riempimento Terragno della Buca USCHPA158

description:
riempimento della fossa PA 158, costituito da terreno compatto, granuloso, ricco di frr. Ceramici e piccole pietre. E' precedente al pavimento PA 157, potendo datare la messa in opera del piano. Non scavato


description:
Struttura di forma squadrata rozzamente costruita con blocchi irregolari. Misure interne (2,24x1,10 m; profond. 50 cm ca). Fondo piatto. Nella costruzione tra i blocchi si legge un legante molto rozzo, una specie di cemento in cui sono presenti vistosi frr. di laterizi e pietra calcarea. Simile a Vasca 1 e Vasca 2.


description:
nicchia costruita nel muro in controterra PA 50. Di forma ovoidale, sembra costruita assieme al muro poiche i blocchi di base, posti di taglio, modificano il paramento interno dello stesso.


description:
Soglia d'accesso al vano 25. E' costituita da una lastra monolitica con un incavo centrale largo ca 10 cm per lo scolo delle acque. Presenta i fori per l'alloggiamento del cardine sul lato W della lastra, in corrispondenza degli alloggiamenti per la porta nello stipite del muro PA 77. Sul lato E un piccolo foro e una frattura nell'angolo S/E della soglia sono interpretabili come incavo per il saliscendi


description:
Taglio di forma rettangolare a filo del blocco. Riempito dal blocco e forse da piccole pietre utilizzate come zeppe.


description:
Taglio di forma rettangolare per la posa del blocco us 151. Riempito da terreno grigio e piccole pietre utilizzate come zeppe. Probabilmente le piccole pietre delle zeppe si confondono co le pietre della strada.


description:
The fill contains many disarticulated human bones. On 1.07.02 we found 3 articulated skeletons. SK 1 is a young adult on the side of the tomb, with its arms on its abdomen. SK 2 is an adult. The bones are in very god condition. In the tomb was a badly preserved bronze coin from the mint of Chersonesos, dating to the 13th century. SK 3 lies over SK 1, in the same position. In some cases the still partly articulated bones of earlier burials show that total decomposition had not taken place prior to the burial of later individuals. Excavation was finished on July 7th. Thirteen skulls were found, on two levels, in the west of the tomb. More than 40 individuals were buried in this tomb.


description:
Taglio di forma pseudocircolare situato a ridosso della us 151 tra il blocco e il muro S della chiesa.


description:
Contesto non scavato. In superficie sono visibili frr di laterizi, piccole pietre, frr di ceramica e molte ossa umane. Terreno di colore grigio/marrone con radici molto simile alla us 145.


description:
The structure is of irregular stones layed in five courses. Two fragments of tile were found used like wedges between the stones. The tomb is of rectangular form (length 211cms; width 79cms; depth about 60 cms). Some fragments of lime mortar are visible adhering to the northern internal side of the tomb. The uppermost course of stones may well be somewhat later that the earlier courses, as it contains many fragments of tiles, perhaps used as wedges or for re-levelling for a missing covering stone. It is clear that the tomb was constructed starting from the north-east corner. On the other side of the tomb the corner blocks overlap with each other. Half of the tomb structure was built over the US 193.


description:
Probabile tomba II di cui si legge ora solo un blocco rettangolare NS a ridosso della us 132. Altri due blocchi con andamento EW si vedono a ridosso della us 97. Contesto non scavato


desc_brief:
Taglio per l'alloggiamento della canaletta


desc_brief:
Crollo di pietre all'interno del Vano 22

description:
Strato di pietre calcaree e blocchi esteso all'interno del Vano 22. L'US e' caratterizzata da una superficie molto irregolare e da uno spessore poco uniforme, ma generalmente consistente. Il margine di definizione con l'US sottostanet e' abbastanza netto. Lo strato presenta blocchi calcarei, interpretabili come materiale lapideo da costruzione, prevalentemente di grandi dimensioni  e di forma poco regolare. L'US presenta anche in superficie numerosi frammenti di laterizi, ossa animali e ceramica (anfore, acroma, invetriate). (vd. Schizzo scheda)


desc_brief:
Strato di terreno all'interno del Vano 22

description:
Strato di terreno sabbioso, di colore grigio e morbido di consistenza, esteso in tutta l'area del Vano 22. L'US e' caratterizzata da uno spessore poco consistente e abbastanza uniforme. Il margine di definizione con l'US sottostante e' netto. Lo strato ha restituito frammenti  ceramici, laterizi, ossa animali e numerosi chiodi in ferro.


description:
Terreno sciolto di colore marrone\grigio ricco di radici e materiale moderno. Simile ad USCHPA1 ed USCHPA6

dating_elements:
Fibbia con simboli nazisti (seconda guerra modiale


desc_brief:
layer of brown soil in W area of the room


description:
Strato di crollo costituito da blocchi in pietra calcarea molto tenera. Blocchi di grandi dimensioni tra cui un blocco rettangolare con motivo a treccia e due blocchi sagomati, con risega, parte integrante di una chiave d'arco. Frammenti di ceramica e frammenti di laterizi. Molte radici anche di grandi dimensioni. I blocchi del crollo sono per la maggior parte grezzi e non squadrati.


description:
Strato di pietre e blocchi calcarei esteso nell'area del vano. L'US e caratterizzata da blocchi prevalentemente di grandi e medie dimensioni di forma poco regolare che costituiscono la superficie di strato molto irregolare. Il margine di definizione con l'US sottostante e diffuso. L'US ha restituito numerosi frr. Di laterizi, ossa di animali e frr. Di ceramica (anfore, acroma, invetriata)distruibuiti in gran quantita anche sulla superficie dello strato. Una gran quantita di tegole e stata individuata sparsa uniformemente nell'US. Una concentrazione di frr. Di tegole di maggiori dimensioni e stata individuata a N della canaletta USCHPA23. L'US ha restituito un blocco calcareo lavorato (angolare?). Presenza di numerose valve di ostriche.


desc_brief:
Muro con andamento N\W - S\E  che definisce ad W il Vano 23

description:
Muro portante e divisoria tra gli ambienti 22 e 23. Faccia in vista del paramento Est. Apparecchiatura non regolare disposta in corsi sub-orizz. Definita da blocchi calcarei di forma irregolare di grandi dimens. In testata ci sono due blocchi calcarei di forma irregolare. Il legante e un terreno sabbioso e friabile.


desc_brief:
Muro con andamento N\W - S\E tra Vano 22 e Vano 23

description:
USM conservata per 4 corsi con blocchi di medie dimens. Il sacco e in pietre calcaree di piccole e medie dimens. Il legante e un terreno friabile e sabbioso.


desc_brief:
Stones in the north-western part of the room


desc_brief:
Canaletta in pietra che attraversa il  Vano 23 e il Vano 27

description:
Canaletta in lastre calcaree di medie e grandi dimens. Disposte di taglio nel terreno, coperta da lastre calcaree di grandi dimens. Nell'estremita NO e danneggiata dal cratere USCHPA88 causato da una bomba. Il fondo della canaletta e in pietre calcaree di medie dimens.


description:
Tratto rozzo, ma rettilineo di blocchi tenuti assieme da un legante uguale a quello riscontrato nella Vasca 1 (USCHPA5), Vasca 3 (USCHPA16).


desc_brief:
Layer of sandy soil, rich of fish scales


desc_brief:
Muro con andamento N\W - S\E  che definisce ad W il Vano 21

description:
Muratura in blocchi calcarei di dverse dimens. disposti in corsi sub-orizz. Il legante e un terreno grigio friabile e sabbioso. Nel paramento W sono visibili 5 corsi ad E 6.


desc_brief:
Stones in the northern-eastern part of the room


desc_brief:
Muro con andamento N\E - S\W che definisce a S il Vano 21

description:
Muratura a doppiuo paramento costituito da blocchi calcarei di grandi dimens. conservati per un massimo di 5 corsi, anamento sub-orizz. regolarizzati con piccole pietre e frr. di laterizi


description:
Muratura a doppio paramento in blocchi e pietre calcaree di grandi dimens. Conservata per 4 corsi poco regolari e sub-orizz. In testata la strutt. presenta blocchi squadrati sovrapposti. Il legante e un terreno grigio sabbioso e friabile. La testat nel paramento S presenta un incavo destinato all'alloggiamento di un elemento ligneo o ferreo.


desc_brief:
First beaten earth floor limited by US196


desc_brief:
Muro con andamento N\W - S\E che delimita ad E il Vano 21

description:
Muratura a doppio paramento costituita da pietre calcaree di grandi dimensioni disposte in corsi poco regolari. Il legante e un terreno grigio sabbioso e friabile. Paramento W e conservato per 5 corsi, quello E per 4. Il nucleo e in pietre di piccole dimens. e frr. di laterizi.


description:
Muratura a doppio paramento i blocchi rozzamente squadrati con piccoli blocchi che fungono da zeppe. Il nucleo e dato da terreno grigio misto a piccole pietre. Sono presenti nella parte N 4 filari. Con un incavo dopo i primi due. Riscontrabili anche internamente.


description:
Taglio non leggibile nel crollo per costruire la vasca n° 1. Si ipotizza che segua I lati rettilinei della vasca. Taglio di forma quadrata.


description:
Tratto di muro a secco conservato solo nel primo filare, costituito da blocchi appena sbozzati. Nel sacco sono visibili terra, piccole pietre frr. di laterizi e ceramica


desc_brief:
Remains of ash, yellow and burnt soil (Fire Place)


description:
Muro a doppio paramento di cui sono visibili un filare di blocchi di altezza regolare (15 cm) e due filari di piccoli blocchi a livello di fondazione. Nella parte N tra il I° filare di alzato e la fondazione e visibile un dormiente per inserimento di una trave lignea (mis. 15x10 cm). Il sacco (spess. medio di 25 cm) e composto da pietre di piccole e medie dimens.


description:
Muro a doppio paramento che corre parallelo al muro USCHPA31  ed alla rampa USCHPA124, delimitato a S da uno stipite largo 16 cm e a N da un grosso blocco angolare. Rimangono in sito tre filari di blocchi rozzamente sbozzati. Sacco particolarmente accurato nella fattura e con blocchi di grosse dimensioni.


description:
Muro a doppio paramento quasi integro. Nell'angolo W, nel punto d'incontro con l'USCHPA83, e posizionata una pietra angolare. Costruito con blocchi rozzamente squadrati, si conserva per tre filari. Al di sopra del primo filare c'e un incavo. Il sacco e costituito da pietre, terreno grigio, radici e frr. di lateriz.


description:
Giro dell'abside a forma di ferro di cavallo, costruito con muro a doppio paramento di blocchi rozzamente squadrati e piccole pietre che fungono da zeppe. Il sacco e costituito da piccole pietre e terreno grigio.


description:
Muro con blocchi squadrati conservato per tre filari. Il sacco e composto da piccole pietre e terreno grigio grumoso. All'interno probabilmente aveva l'incavo, ora scomparso.


description:
Taglio per la costruzione della struttura da interpretare come vasca moderna.


description:
Strato di intonaco di colore bianco che ricopre parzialmente le pareti ed il fondo della vasca. Simile ad USCHPA4 e USCHPA6


description:
Il crollo e' costituito da blocchi informi in pietra locale, anche di grandi dimensioni. Il crollo occupa,  come l'USCHPA13, solo l'area N\W del vano a ridosso dei numeri USCHPA9 e USCHPA10. Il terreno e' sciolto e ricco di radici.


description:
Struttura molto rozza addossata alla parete S\E della vasca. La struttura e' composta da 1 livello superiore ben definito e, probabilmente, da altri due livelli inferiori sporgenti molto rozzi e non ben definibili. I blocchi con cui e' costruita la struttura sono molto rozzi e mescolati ad un legante composto da frammenti grossolani di laterizi e pietre.  Misure: 94x78x36(max)x10(min)cm .


description:
Leggero strato di intonaco di colore bianco presente su le pareti e sul fondo dell' USCHPA5


description:
Strato di crollo composto da pietre di differenti dimensioni e terra di colore bruno. Alcune pietre presentano segni di sbozzatura. Notevole presenza di materiali moderni (vetro e lamine metalliche) e frr. di ceramica di varii periodi. Lo strato di crollo e presente anche nel contiguo ambiente 25 sopra l'USCHPA51


description:
Crollo di pietre di varie dimensioni misto a terreno grigio e sabbioso con frr. di ceramica e laterizi. Pochi blocchi (crollo dal muro USCHPA30) presenti sull'interfaccia superiore dello strato.


description:
Strato di crollo composto da blocchi in pietra locale di varie dimensioni.


description:
Taglio ben leggibile lungo la sezione SW del settore PA. Andamento regolare. In pianta il taglio segue un andamento quadrato.


description:
Terreno di riempimento dell'USCHPA43 caratterizzato da una forte concentrazione di grumi di calce di piccole e medie dimensioni. I blocchi irregolari presenti nell'US sono, nella maggioranza, coperti da tracce di malta. Presenza di radici di piccole e grandi dimensioni. Il colore grigio chiaro e' dato dall'alta frequenza di calce nello strato.


desc_brief:
Vasca 5 Piano con grosso blocco in calcare

description:
Grosso blocco piatto in calcare dalla superficie lisciata e coperta da noduli e tracce di calce. Vi sono residui di calce anche lungo I bordi.


desc_brief:
Vasca 5 Traccia in negativo di struttura in legno

description:
Traccia lineare ad W dell'USCHPA45. La traccia, larga pochi centimetri, corre adiacente al blocco


description:
Macchia di forma pseudo circolare situata a S\W del Vano 20. Poche radici, piccoli inclusi di pietre e piccole chiazze di carboncino. Misure 60x70cm. Durante lo scavo la macchia si e' notevolmente allargata  (70x90cm ca.) giungendo alla sezione W del vano.


desc_brief:
Strato di Crollo nell'area N della chiesa

description:
Esteso strato di crollo individuato nell'area a N della chiesa e delimitato ad W dai muri USCHPA28 eUSCHPA29, a N dai muri USCHPA30 e USCHPA49 e a S dal muro USCHPA32 e dalla chiesa stessa. Sono stati individuati, in rapporto di legame con USCHPA48, due distinguibili crolli relativi ai muri USCHPA31 e USCHPA32 (USCHPA84) e al lato N della chiesa (USCHPA92).


desc_brief:
Muro con andamento S\W-N\E delimita a S il Vano 25

description:
Muro in controterra. Presenta un paramento interno in blocchi di medie e grandi dimensioni, ed uno esterno in alzato rispetto al piano USCHPA110. Tessitura muraria poco regolare. Si conservano quasi 6 corsi del paramento interno, di h. variabile. Il muro presenta un notevole spanciamento verso N. ipotizzabile la presenza del dormiente, visibile solo in traccia nel paramento meridionale. La parte E sembra aver subito interventi di ristrutturazione posteriori alla messa in opera.


description:
Costruzione Vasca 1. La vasca e' costruita con blocchi irregolari, in pietra locale, ricavati all'interno del crollo. Il bordo della vasca e' sistemato a mo' di cordolo. La vasca ha una forma quadrata (270x255x50cm). Nella sua costruzione e' stato utilizzato un legante tra I blocchi in cui si vedono macroscopici frammenti di tegole moderne e radici.


desc_brief:
Muro con andamento N\W - S\E delimita ad E il Vano 25

description:
Muro in controterra con un paramento interno in blocchi di medie dimensioni alquanto regolari ed un paramento esterno meno omogeneo. Il paramento orientale si conserva in 5 corsi piuttosto irregolari, alti 20 cm ca. la tessitura muraria presenta un'anomalia al centro del muro per accogliere una nicchia (USCHPA160), probabilmente costruita assieme al muro. Il paramento occidentale e meno regolare e si conserva per un altezza di 2 corsi.


description:
Lo strato ha un andamento irregolare nell'interfaccia inferiore, poggiando, nella porzione W, sul crollo di tegole USCHPA67 e nella parte E su un sottostante strato di crollo formato da grossi blocchi USCHPA78. E' stato rinvenuto un blocco in calcare con una croce incisa con monogrammi angolari interpretabile come elemento centrale dell'architrave di un'apertura nel muro USCHPA77.


description:
Strato di tegole e pietre a ridosso del margine orientale della canaletta USCHPA23. La superficie e molto irregolare e presenta una pendenza con andamento da W ad E. Il margine di definizione con lo strato sottostante e netto.


desc_brief:
Soglia di comunicazione tra i Vani 22 e 23

description:
Struttura realizzata con l'impiego di 2 lastre calcaree. La prima (50x80x15) presenta nell'angolo N/W un incavo quadrangolare (15x10x3cm). La seconda (65x45x17cm) presenta nell'estremita S/W un taglio rettilineo destinato forse all'alloggio di un elemento della porta lignea.


desc_brief:
Livello di uso del piano pavimentale USCHPA71

description:
Strato di piccole pietre e frr. ceramici mescolati a terreno limoso; modesti dislivelli dell'interfaccia superiore sono stati individuati in prossimita della soglia USCHPA53 e del muro USCHPA21


description:
Crollo di pietre calcaree all'interno della presunta chiesa, tra i muri USCHPA29 e USCHPA34. Fra le pietre, sia grandi che piccole, c'e' un terreno polveroso grigio-giallognolo tipico dei crolli. Il materiale sembra tutto antico.

dating_elements:
Non ho visto oggetti posteriori al XIV sec.


description:
Terreno organico ricco di ossa animali. Lo strato e stato intercettato solo in superficie e non e stato scavato.


desc_brief:
Muro con andamento N\E - S\W che definisce a S il Vano 23

description:
La muratura presenta difficolta di lettura della posa in opera del paramento S, danneggiato dalla costruzione della canaletta. Il paramento N ha 4 filari composti da pietre calcaree irregolari non lavorate disposte in corsi poco regolari. Le pitre sono di grandi e medie dimensioni; il legante e un terreno sabbioso grigiastro. Sono presenti laterizi utilizzati per regolarizzare i corsi.


description:
Il paramento N presenta tre corsi poco regolari di pietre calcaree di grandi e medie dimensioni, prive di tracce di lavorazione. In testata all'estremita orientale e caratterizzata da blocchi squadrati sovrapposti. Il legante e un terreno sabbioso grigiastro.


description:
Terreno organico ricco di frr. Di ceramica, carboncino e radici frr. di ossa animali e molluschi


description:
Terreno di colore marrone contenente materiale molto moderno (calze, scarpe, 1 borsetta, oggetti metallici). Contiene inoltre radici di varie dimensioni, lumache di terra, laterizi moderni e ceramica smaltata moderna. Simile ad USCHPA19


description:
Terreno sciolto mescolato a frr. di laterizi e ffr. di gusci di molluschi.


description:
Si tratta, anche in questo caso dello stesso terreno USCHPA14 venuto in contatto con il fuoco. E' particolarmente evidente al di sotto del focolare e poche tracce lungo le pareti del focolare e intorno ad esso. Simile USCHPA14


description:
Macchia di bruciato (90x60cm) nell'angolo S\E del vano. La macchia e' costituita da uno spesso strato di cenere (h. 13cm max.) con piccole radici al suo interno (vd Cod. Munsell). Al di sotto della macchia di cenere uno spesso strato di terreno bruciato (vd. Variante Munsell). Anche in questo contesto vi sono molte piccolissime radici,  pochissimi frammenti di ceramica e piccolissime pietre. Lo strato e' spesso 10cm ca.. La macchia ha un andamento discendente dai bordi verso il centro. Al centro ha una profondita' totale di … . La macchia sembra andare sotto l'USCHPA68, ma credo che sia solo in rapporto al fatto che il muro si sia spanciato verso l'interno del Vano 20.


description:
Crollo costituito da grossi blocchi, radici resti di fauna e frr. di laterizi.


desc_brief:
Crollo di pietre all'interno del Vano 23

description:
Blocchi calcarei di grandi dimensioni irregolari.


description:
Strato di consistenza grumosa che comincia a meta' del vano ed occupa la parte meridionale dello stesso. Il terreno e' lo stesso dell'USCHPA14 solo di consistenza grumosa. Pochissimi frr. di ceramica, ma, al contrario, molte piccole radici. Lo strato copre, in maniera regolare, la parte meridionale del vano.


description:
Strato di crollo di tegole frammiste a piccole pietre e radici


description:
Lo strato di crollo si estende solo nella parte E del vano a ridosso del muro USCHPA50. Andamento irregolare con pendenza verso N/E. Nell'angolo tra i muri 50 e 77 e stata rinvenuta una tegola decorata con un graffito di un cavaliere armato di lancia, mentre nell'interfaccia inferiore 78 alcuni frr. di un pithos.


description:
Muro a sacco costruito con blocchi di grandi dimensioni rozzamente squadrati. All'interno il terreno grigio morbido si mescola a radici  e, al centro, un blocco rozzamente squadrato.


desc_brief:
Crollo di pietre all'interno del Vano 27

description:
Strato di pietre esteso in tutta l'area dell'amb 27. La us, dalla superficie molto irregolare, e caratterizzata da pietre calcaree di grandi e medie dimensioni e di forma irregolare frammiste a terreno sabbioso, di colore marrone grigiastro e di consistenza friabile. La us ha restituto numerosi frr di laterizi (in prevalenza tegole; 1 fr di comignolo), ceramica e ossi di animali.  La us ha restituito numerosi blocchi e lastre calcaree di grandi dimensioni e prevalentemente di forma regolare (elementi architettonici?). Una lastra presenta su una delle facce alcuni segni incisi mentre unialtra lastra presenta una modanatura accurata (per le dimensioni dei blocchi e delle lastre cfr. scheda us cartacea).
La us ha restituito numerosi frr ceramici pertinenti a anfore, pithoi, c da fuoco, c acroma, arsw, c graffita, zeuxippus ware e laterizi (anche decorati)


description:
Costruzione molto rozza con blocchi, forse del crollo, tenuti assieme, seguendo una forma quadrata, da un legante simile a quello della Vasca 1 e della Vasca 3. Le pareti, peraltro, ottenute con blocchi del crollo rozzamente accatastati, non sono intonacate internamente. Il fondo e' dato dai blocchi del crollo. Sono presenti delle radici nel legante. Misure: 125x106x30cm. Vasca situata a ridosso della Vasca 1. Simile ad USCHPA24


description:
Piccola macchia di terreno bruciato (20x30cm) di colore marrone scuro. Piccoli frammenti di pietra. Piccole radici.


description:
Strato di terreno di matrice sabbiosa, molto compatto e di colore grigiastro esteso in tutta l'area dell'amb. 22 .La us e caratterizzata da una superficie poco regolare, piuttosto ondulata e in leggera pendenza da N verso S. I componenti principali dello strato sono, oltre al terreno sabbioso, numerosi frr di laterizi di minute dimensioni e di forma irregolare e piccoli frr calcarei. Sia i frr laterizi sia i frr calcarei sono distribuiti uniformemente su tutta la interfaccia superiore dello strato. Nella porzione mediana prossima alla soglia 53 la us presenta 3 fori irregolari di medie dimensioni causati dalle radici di arbusti rinvenute in situ.


description:
Dopo la rimozione della parte superiore del crollo che copriva tutta l'area si e visto che il crollo scende solo in una parte dell'ambiente


desc_brief:
Muro con andamento N\E - S\W che definisce a SW  il Vano 26

description:
Muro a doppio paramento con sacco centrale. Ben costruito. Restano tre filari compresa l'USCHPA152. A circa 50 cm dalla base l'incavo e inserito nel muro. L'incavo (10x12 cm)taglia il muro in tutta la sua lunghezza. Manca lo stipite del muro. Blocchi regolari con piccole pietre usati come zeppe oltre a frr. di laterizi. La grossa pietra angolare USCHPA152 e stata usata come stipite. All'interno, nel vano 26 il muro corre come all'esterno con l'incavo simile all'altro. Il sacco e costituito da piccole pietre e terreno di colore grigio.


desc_brief:
Muro con andamento N\E - S\W che definisce a SE il Vano 26

description:
Muro a doppio paramento costruito con blocchi rozzamente squadrati conservato per tre filari in altezza. Sulla parte di chiusura W conserva lo stipite, mentre una grossa pietra angolare lo lega all'USCHPA29. L'incavo non e leggibile per il crollo della parte superiore, ma resta traccia in pianta. Sacco con pietre di piccole e medie dimensioni mescolate a terreno grigio. Incavo sia all'interno che all'esterno di cui resta solo la profondita (10-11 cm)


desc_brief:
Muro con andamento N\E - S\W che definisce a N il Vano 26

description:
Muro con andamento NE-SW che definisce a N l'amb 26. La muratura presenta una apparecchiatura omogenea, abbastanza accurata realizzata esclusivamente con materiale lapideo composto da pietre calcaree di grande (40x30 cm)e media (20x15 cm) taglia. Le pietre sono disposte nei due paramenti esterni in corsi regolari con andamento orizzontale. Il paramento S, evidenziato per un max di 7 filari, si presenta danneggiato nella porzione mediana dal taglio della canaletta 23. Sempre nel paramento S e visibile, a ca. 80 cm di h dal punto di maggiore altezza, l'incavo destinato all'alloggiamento di una trave lignea (ampiezza incavo 15 cm; forma irregolarmente quadrangolare) al di sotto del quale sono visibili altri due corsi del paramento. Sempre nel paramento S, a ca. 140 cm dall'innesto del muro con la usm 9, e presente un blocco calcareo squadrato di grandi (43x23x22 cm). Il paramento N e stato evidenziato per un max di 6 corsi molto regolari e dall'andamento orizzontale.A volte sono utilizzate piccole pietre per regolarizzare l'andamento dei corsi. Il nucleo della usm e realizzato con pietre calcaree di piccole e medie dimensioni; il legante utilizzato e terrreno sabbioso , friabile, di colore grigiastro.Sono assenti materiali di reimpiego.
Altezza modulo 5 corsi: 80 cm


desc_brief:
Muro con andamento N\E - S\W che definisce a N l'ambiente 26

description:
Muro con andamento NE-SW che definisce a N l'amb 26 dividendolo dall'amb 27. La muratura e realizzata con materiale lapideo composto da pietre calcaree di grande (40x15 cm)e media (25x10 cm) taglia, prive di tracce di lavorazione e di forma irregolare. Il muro presenta due paramenti esterni e un nucleo. Il paramento N, evidenziato per max 4 filari, e caratterizzato da corsi suborizzontali regolarizzati con pietre calcaree di piccole dimensioni. Il paramento S e stato evidenziato per max 7 corsi e presenta le medesime caratteristiche di quello N. Nel paramento S e ben visibile un incavo quadrangolare (15 cm ca) destinato all'alloggiamento di una trave lignea di cui sono state trovate in situ consistenti tracce. La testata della muratura e realizzata con blocchi calcarei squadrati (3 blocchi per ogni paramento)di grandi dimensioni sovrapposti l'uno all'altro.


desc_brief:
Muro con andamento E\W che delimita a N\W il Vano 25

description:
Muro con orientamento S/W-N/E, delimita a N/W l'ambiente 25. E' visibile solo nel paramento interno, trovandosi sul limite N dell'area scavata. Si conservano perfettamente i primi 4 corsi di base. E' evidente l'incasso per il "dormiente" a ca 80 cm dalla base del muro. Risulta abbastanza regolare per tessitura, termina a ovest con una catena angolare alla quale si appoggia il muru PA 50 e ad E con lo stipite per la porta d'accesso al vano.


description:
Strato di crollo di pietre e laterizi nell'amb. 25. Numerosi frr. Di laterizi concentrati nella parte Est del vano. In particolare si legge il crollo della porzione superiore dell'USM 156 poggiante al "dormiente".


description:
Strato di terreno con andamento irregolare ricco di frr. Ceramici e ossi animali. Il margine di definizione e netto sia con l'us superiore 48 sia con il piano di calpestio. Alcuni frr. Di un contenitore ceramico forse di produzione islamica sono localizzati in un'area di ca. 2 mq, fornendo un'utile indicazione sulla buona affidabilita stratigrafica del contesto. La US non viene individuata nell'area a N del muro 30.


description:
Piano in mattoni moderni (uno di questi presenta un bollo moderno). I mattoni sono disposti con orientamento N\E su due file parallele. Modulo dei mattoni, di colore grigio\rossiccio: 23x13x7cm. Al di sotto e tra I mattoncini vi e' un leggero strato di piccole pietre, forse utilizzate come letto per il piano.


desc_brief:
Taglio Buca Terragna in USCHPA79-USCHPA110

description:
tagli, probabilmente naturale, di una buca generata dal collasso del piano PA 110 nell'area in cui sitrova la bocca del silos PA 111. Il taglio ha coinvolto a W il muro USM PA 28, appoggiandosi ad un punto particolarmente debole della struttura.


description:
riempimento del taglio PA 80 e primo riempimento della struttura PA 111. Nel probabile sfondamento del piano di calpestio PA 110, l'US PA 81 descrive la porzione di terreno collassata nella struttura PA 111. Terreno estremamente disomogeneo, a tratti cineroso, ricco di frammenti ceramici, laterizi e pietre di varie dimensioni. Presenza di scorie ferrose e vetrose, vetro.


description:
Terreno molto fine e polveroso forse in parte di origine eolica, ma apparentemente con una buona quantita di cenere. Forse anteriore al crollo (US72), ma non e possibile stabilirlo.


description:
Sottostruttura all'abside costruito apparentemente a secco di cui si vedono due filari di blocchetti calcarei, alcuni informi ed altri rozzamente squadrati o sbozzati. 23/07/01: il muro e in realta anteriore all'abside perche e tagliato da essa. Fino alla chiusura dello scavo presentava solo un filare in tutta la sua lunghezza, ma nell'angolo NO all'interno e visibile un secondo filare con incavo (8x6x10cm). Il muro e a doppio paramento con blocchi squadrati.


desc_brief:
Crollo di materiali lapidei dai muri USCHPA31 e USCHPA32

description:
crollo di blocchi di medie e grandi dimensioni dai muri PA 31 e PA 32. Margine di distinzione determinato dalla posizione e dall'andamento del crollo verso W e dalla sua relazione fisica con i muri suddetti. Misura dei blocchi abbastanza stabile in lunghezza ed altezza, con un valore variabile tra i 35 e i 45 cm, mentre meno strandardizzata appare l'altezza (valore compreso tra i 17 e i 35 cm).


description:
18/07/01: 5 blocchi squadrati posti paralleli all'us73. I blocchi di grosse dimensioni in pietra locale sono da interpretare come crollo dell'us73.
24/07/01 i 5 blocchi (di cui ne restano due) sono da interpretare come banchina sulla strada. Questo si lega alla presenza di anfore e pithoi accanto ad essi lungo la strada.


description:
Piano stradale costruito con piccole pietre erose dall'uso , frammiste ad ossa di animali, frr di ceramica, frr di laterizi. Si tratta di un grande acciottolato costruito con blocchi e blocchetti. L'andamento e discendente verso il centro. In alcune parti la strada sembra aver subito dei rimaneggiamenti durante il suo uso.


description:
Strato di terreno sciolto di colore grigio scuro con radici. I pochi frr di ceramica, piccole pietre e ossi di animali probabilmente provengono dalla us 86.


description:
Taglio di forma poco regolare e irregolarmente circolare a ridosso della soglia USCHPA53 nel Vano 23. L'US e' caratterizzata da un margine superiore poco regolare il cui stacco con la parete e' sottolineato da un angolo abbastanza netto. La parete presenta un profilo irregolare, in alcuni tratti quasi verticale, in altri obliquo. Lo stacco tra la parete ed il fondo e' diffuso; Il fondo e' molto irregolare. Sul fondo sono visibili delle lastre calcaree (due chianche), in parte ricoperte da due blocchi calcarei, di cui al momento risulta difficile suggerire un'interpretazione (potrebbe trattarsi di una sistemazione pavimentale dell'ambiente; tuttavia l'area evidenziata all'interno del cratere e' troppo limitata per poter avanzare ipotesi certe).


desc_brief:
Riempimento della buca USCHPA88 in prossimita' della soglia

description:
Strato di terreno friabile misto a pietre calcaree di piccole e medie dimensioni individuato all'interno della buca USCHPA88. La superficie dell'US e' poco regolare; lo spessore non e' uniforme, ma molto irregolare. Il margine di definizione con l'us sottostante e' piuttosto netto. L'US ha restituito numerosi frr. di laterizi, alcuni di ceramica, poche ossa animali. Il ritrovamento di tre frr. di grandi dimensioni e di notevole peso pertinenti ad una mina\bomba in ferro, ha consentito di interpretare l'US come un'azione da porre in relazione ad un intervento bellico. Quota fr. Bomba=20,346


description:
Muro con andamento N/S a doppio paramento che divide il Vano 20 dal Vano 26. Il muro e costruito con una tessitura molto regolare. I blocchi di forma rozzamente squadrata sono allineati in orizzontale. Al di sotto degli ultimi tre filari in posto, corre un incavo (altezza 10 cm, profondita 15 cm) visibile, dopo lo scavo, solo nella parte meridionale del muro. All'interno dell'incavo tracce della trave lignea (quercia decidua) originaria accanto a frammenti di laterizi. (vd. Schizzo scheda)


desc_brief:
Strato di Crollo sul pavimento USCHPA157

description:
strato di crollo a contatto con il pavimento US PA 157. Andamento pianeggiante, terreno cineroso, molto eterogeneo con nemerosi frr. Di laterizi e ceramica appoggiati direttamente sulle chiasnche del pavimento. Nella parte W dell'ambiente il crollo copriva direttamente il banco roccioso sui cordoli prossimi ai muri perimetrali e la buca PA 158. Nell'angolo NW del vano si rinvengono lische di pesce.

dating_elements:
ceramiche invetriate (graffite, zeuxippus ecc.)


description:
NON SCAVATO
Si legge un grande accumulo di malta, soprattutto, e blocchi situato a ridosso   della us 148


description:
crollo del muro PA 148 a N/NW della chiesa. E' conposto da laterizi e blocchi di dimensioni variabili. Sono stati contati, nell'interfaccia superiore, ca 80 blocchi tra le quali 10 di misura oscillante tra 45x28x20 e 35x35x30, una ventina di pietre di medie dimensioni (ca 35x20x30) e circa 50 pietre irregolari con altezza variabile tra i 20 e i 30 cm. Il crollo di due blocchi architettonici SF 421 e 422 lascia pensare all'esistenza in quel punto di un'apertura (finestra?) nel muro.


description:
Strato di crollo all'interno dell'abside. Il crollo e composto da frr, anche di grandi dimensioni, di laterizi, ceramica e pietre di medie dimensioni. A 20 cm ca. dall'inizio del crollo i laterizi diventano piu frammentari e aumenta il crollo dell'intonaco. Pochi frr di ossi di animali. Il terreno misto al crollo e sciolto e sono presenti inclusi lapidei.


description:
Cassa in pietra locale di forma rettangolare posta al centro del giro dell'abside. Fattura rozza misura all'esterno 42x53cm, mentre l'apertura e' di forma quadrata (30x32cm). Profondita' 25cm ca.


description:
Terreno sciolto di colore grigio chiaro con inclusi calcarei, molte piccole radici, pochissimi frr. di ceramica e pochi frr. laterizi. Pietre di medie dimensioni. Mandibola di Capra\Pecora.


description:
Taglio di forma rettangolare a filo con la us 94(cassa-reliquiario), appena percettibile lungo i lati della cassa-reliquiario.


desc_brief:
Struttura muraria tra USCHPA99 e USCHPA98

description:
Struttura rettilinea con andamento NE-SW situata tra le us 99 e 98. Si legge una fila di pietre informi verso l'interno della chiesa, mentre lungo il lato rivolto verso il muro 29 sono situate pietre di piccole e medie dimensioni, irregolari.


description:
Braccio angolare in facciata della chiesa costituito da un muro a doppio paramento. Costruito con blocchi regolari squadrati con il sacco costituito da piccole pietre, frr di laterizi mescolati a terreno grigio


description:
Parte angolare della facciata della chiesa. Muro costruito a doppio paramento con blocchi irregolari. All'interno piccole pietre, radici, frr di laterizi.


description:
Terreno degli scavi della Piatischeva entrato nel silos. Molto materiale moderno (anni '70?)


desc_brief:
Muro con andamento N\E-S\W tra Vano 10 e Vano 9


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr.  Del Vano 9 con andamento N\W-S\E


description:
Riempimento originario del silos. Molto materiale ceramico. Terreno molto organico di colore scuro con tante ossa animali. Il materiale del deposito originario e a circa 4 m di profondita dall'imboccatura. Sono state ritrovate valve di molluschi (ostriche, pecten, mitili)

dating_elements:
anfore tipo Ganos; frr. Byzantine White Ware;


desc_brief:
Muratura in Vano 9 con andamento N\E-S\W


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr.  tra Vano 6 e Vano 8 con andamento N\W-S\E


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr.  tra Vano 6 e Vano 8 con andamento N\E-S\W


desc_brief:
Muro Perimetr.  N del Vano 11 con andamento N\E-S\W


desc_brief:
Scala relativa alla torre di eta' ellenistica


desc_brief:
Struttura in Vano 11 adiacente all'USCHPI34


desc_brief:
Muratura in Vano 11 con andamento N\E-S\W tangente USCHPI38


desc_brief:
Muratura in Vano 11 con andamento N\E-S\W tangente all'USCHPI37


desc_brief:
Muro di cinta  della Torre ellenistica con andamento N\W-S\E


desc_brief:
Muro di cinta  della Torre ellenistica con andamento N\E-S\W


desc_brief:
Muro di cinta  di eta' romana con andamento N\E-S\W


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr. E del Vano 8 con andamento N\W-S\E


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr. E del Vano 10 con andamento N\W-S\E


desc_brief:
Muro perimetr. E del Vano 10 con andamento N\E-S\W


desc_brief:
Muratura in Vano 10 con andamento N\E-S\W


desc_brief:
Muro con andamento N\W - S\E tangente USCHSE36


desc_brief:
Muro con andamento N\W - S\E tangente USCHSE36-35


desc_brief:
Muro Perimetrale dell'UF3 con andamento N\W - S\E


desc_brief:
Muro Perimetrale dell'UF4 con andamento N\E - S\W


desc_brief:
Muratura in conci regolari stondati nel angolo E dell'UF4


desc_brief:
Muro Perimetrale tra UF4 ed UF5 con andamento N\W - S\E


desc_brief:
Muro Perimetrale dell'UF4 con andamento N\E-S\W


desc_brief:
Muro Perimetrale dell'UF5-6 con andamento N\E - S\W


desc_brief:
Muro Perimetrale dell'UF5-6 con andamento N\W - S\E


desc_brief:
Muro Perimetrale dell'UF3-4 con andamento N\W - S\E


desc_brief:
Tamponatura dell'apertura USCHSE37 in USCHSE13


desc_brief:
Muro Perimetrale dell'UF6A con andamento N\W - S\E


desc_brief:
Muro Perimetrale (soglia?) tra UF6A e UF7


desc_brief:
Muro Perimetr. (soglia?) tra UF6 e UF6A con andamento N\E S\W


desc_brief:
Muro Perimetrale dell'UF6 con andamento N\E - S\W


desc_brief:
Muro divisorio interno di UF6 con andamento N\W - S\E


desc_brief:
Muro di cinta addossato alla cisterna USCHSE35


desc_brief:
Muratura di Tamponamento tra USCHSE42 e USCHKY1


desc_brief:
Muro Perimetrale dell'UF3-4-5 con andamento N\E-S\W


desc_brief:
Compacted gray green ashy layer covering most of room 28 sloping sw-ne

description:
Compact grey-green layer sloping down to the NE. Very varied elevations. Large carbon inclusions.

observations:
Layer was found in SW end of trench, steep slope running NE and covering most of trench.  Some compaction although still a fill or collapse.  Not full of tile or large inclusions like other collapse layers in rooms 32 or 29; possibly disturbance or different roof construction.

-- NB revisions as of 8 July 2005: discussion over course of last season as to whether infant grave cut this layer or the layer below; eventually determined that although cut not originally noticed, almost certainly cut through one or both of the burnt layers (340 and 352)


desc_brief:
tile and ash layer under collapse in room 32

description:
Layer under collapse, possibly roof tiles and carbon inclusions from roof beams. Ashy consistency.  Some large pieces of carbonized wood (one taken as SF2128).  Intacted quern (circular, central hole, slightly concave surface).  Piles of tile at south corner area.  This is the area from which bulk of tile was removed.  Sample of seagrass taken.  Large lump of clay and iron object (sf 2151) removed from area where seagrass was taken.

observations:
pile of tiles may be an intact tile collapse.  Looks like wall might be real, but still not positive.  Took 10cm off entire floor, gray-ashy soil continues.  Took 10-15cm off - new surface first uncovered in southern portion of unit - a highly compact, clayey layer.  Articulated vessel (context 356) uncovered in southern portion of unit within 341.  a large number of nails found in west-central area.  Inclusions of seaweed in western area.  Small areas of clay inclusions as neew surface approached.  Large ovoid stone in east corner of unit - appears to be sitting on SR354.  area of iron object concentration atop and mixed with clay - with seaweek inclusions.  Floor left at SR354.


description:
Loose gray brown gravel in soil containing large number of snail shells, tile fragment, small pieces of bark/vegetal material, modern cloth (?); fills area of root disturbance, twenty-five centimeters deep at deepest point, about 1.26 m x 1m.

observations:
Disturbance only recognized at a low level, but it may have begun higher up.


description:
dimensions about 1.25x1.75m roughly oval and approximately 25cm deep - located in the middle of room. FROM CONTEXT FORM: "a pit in the middle of room 29; roughly oval shape; sloping sides; 1.3 X 1.9 meters; 0.3 meters in depth. The pit cuts down to the top of SR 348"

observations:
may also cut SR339. This feature may also have been present in upper levels but wasn’t noticed during the excavation.


desc_brief:
fill of disturbance/pit in East Corner of room 29

description:
Highly square area of very clean soft dark brown soil with very few inclusions of any kind ( a few pieces of pottery, a few small rocks ) ; sandy moist consistency.

observations:
Like 342, this soil was recognized at an arbitrary level, and it is possible that it extended above and was overcut.


desc_brief:
pit/disturbance fill in East corner of room 29

description:
Roughly square pit/disturbance in E corner of room 29, straight walls, about 75 cm. X  75 cm.; 45 cm. deep; filled with soil of looser consistency than surrounding [soil], edge marked in several places by vertical tiles or stone

observations:
Excavators noted a concentration of broken tile in this area in upper layer; perhaps it indicates that feature began higher up and was not recognized at first. Pithos base visible in photo was stolen the night after the photo was taken, before it could be excavated.


desc_brief:
layer of yellow soil in south part of room 36

description:
area of yellow soil intermingled with gray soil, not compact, lots of little rocks.

observations:
Originally assigned to room 32, while room 32 was being excavated, then changed to room 36. It covered the wall between these two rooms.


desc_brief:
layer of yellow soil mounded in small doorway of room 28

description:
loose, grainy yellow soil in doorway and NE end of Room 28. Very high quantity of tile.


desc_brief:
upper layer of tile disturbance/collapse in room 29

description:
Tile disturbance/collapse in room 29, very dark gray soil.  Lots of tile, ceramics.

observations:
Only broken tiles were counted by the buckets, whole tiles were taken to the laboratory and were not included in the count


desc_brief:
loose gray/green rubble with bone in room 28 over SR340

description:
located in bottom of depression in SR340 along the NW side of the room: roughly oval area of small stones, large quantities of animal bone

observations:
originally thought to be a separte layer from SR340 but turned out to be equal to it, underexcavated and appears in photos as if separate layer.


desc_brief:
pit/disturbance in northeast corner of room 28, fill is SR347

description:
Cut/Disturbance possibly modern intrusion through NE doorway.


desc_brief:
lower layer of tile collapse and ash in room 29

description:
Dark gray soil with large tile pieces. Medium compaction, small charcoal inclusions, small ceramic inclusions. Located under layer identified as SR 348; possibly bottom layer of the collapse.

observations:
July 13, 2005: see interpretation above: ceramic analysis after excavation season identified joins between pithos sherds and other pottery across this layer, SR 348, and SR 355


description:
Possible burnt layer. Large charcoal inclusions and carbonized wood  found in  very dark ashy soil -- seems to cover clay skim/surface SR353

observations:
Other Finds - Samples taken from 11 pieces of wood - burnt beams possibly for construction - wood planed and squared
NB (July 19, 2005): although the wood sampled was recorded in the GIS and was supposed to be labelled accordingly, some of it is likely to have become detached from its contextual associations and documentation


desc_brief:
pale brown clay layer; possible surface in room 28

description:
Pale brown skin-clay possible surface. Sticky, not many inclusions runs over bedrock in south end of room

observations:
Some of the surface was missing in the south corner as dug through for infant burial, also we went through a patch of it accidently to bedrock just NE of main bedrock outcrop in SW end on SE side.


desc_brief:
hard compacted earth/clay surface in room 32

description:
Layer of hard compacted earth-clay surface. Dark gray inclusions of white mortar. Inclusions of carbonized wood. Layer of tile -articulated vessels in SE of room (given contex SR356). Inclusion of seaweed.

observations:
Very compact, appears to be fairly well preserved floor of room


desc_brief:
bottom layer of collapse in situ vessels in room 29

description:
Layer consisting of broken pottery including both pithoi and glazed pottery. Spread all over the floor of room 29, apparently smashed in situ. Whole forms of pottery are present, including two jugs and parts of at least two pithoi. The ceramic of this layer joint with ceramic SR 351, SR348

observations:
The number of buckets of tile was estimated from memory; A second intact green-glazed jug was not assigned a special find number at the time of excavation


desc_brief:
tile/articulated vessels/bottom layer of collapse southeast of room 32

description:
Tile and articulated vessels at bottom layer of collapse in the southeast area of room 32.  tile fall of sr341 located above sr356.  concentration of carbonized wood mostly under tile and mixed with soil.


description:
Carved soft white lime bedrock in west/southwest corner of room 28. Basin 1 meter by 50 cm, possible drain [no drain found -- ATR]. Bedrock continues to S corner as flat surface for about 40cm, then slopes sharply down. Recess cut into basin towards east, first thought to be a drain then bottomed out. Note construction out of cut bedrock, natural material


description:
Includes Stones of different size; ceramic fragments ( with different dating - mostly byz) ; frags of glass goods; iron slag frags (iron nails, other metal goods) The quantity of the soil in the upper horizons is less than the lower, colour from dark gray to gray.

observations:
Tile not Counted. Presence of ceramics (not a lot of) and later metal goods. Glazed ceramics present in the SW corner- remains of the wooden object with vertical direction of lines in it (bad preservation).


description:
Light brown soil with medium to large stone fill, loose soil fill with some areas of of light compaction; area was between walls 264 and 217. Area extends from the previously excavated part of room 31 south and to the west. It extended over wall 399 that separates room 31 and 31a.

observations:
Frequency/amount of tile increased as reached the bottom of the context. Possible rodent disturbance in south corner of what ended up being room 31a. Disturbance consisted of very loose soil with voids under large stones. No artifacts (such as modern artifacts in a cache) recovered from disturbance.


description:
Dark gray-brown soil fairly loose and soft with small clumps, containing inclusions of bedrock chips, charcoal, a few small stones and very little ceramic material; forms the matrix for the skeleton of a fetus or neonate. Probably covered by SR352, which was slightly overcut in this area

observations:
352 may have been over excavated in this area but it is possible that is was not present and the fill was covered by 340 - in that case , very shallow; 352 is at a higher level along the wall where remnants were last mapped as part of 352 surface map.


description:
Irregular shallow cut into soil and possibly into bedrock in the south corner of room 28 about 10 to 15 cm deep, 15-25 cm wide, 45 cm long

observations:
If 352 and/or 340 are excavated in this area, it is possible that the cut began higher up- but seems most likely that current phasing is correct- actually, it’s a tossup- could easily have been cut into ashy layer and not noticed at moment of excavation.


description:
Compact, friable dark gray-brown soil in the area of bedrock-cut. Tomb 2 in the church; contains very few stones, some small ceramic sherds, a few fragments of glass and metal; forms a uniform matrix for the multiple burials in the tomb, so probably redeposited several times; excavated in layers corresponding to the levels of depositions, of which 5 (see georeferencing for skel layers)

observations:
No different layers could be distinguished, though multiple individual depositions were clear. Also Positive fill here fills construction ( Wall -which errors as walls cant be filled)


desc_brief:
tile collapse in room 31 [possibly same fill as SR359]

description:
Light brown soil, with small charcoal inclusions, large quantity of broken rooftiles; distinct from layer around it in the apparent coherence of the tile collapse (large closely-set fragments)

observations:
Tile collapse likely does not represent a separate context. Equals SR359 but with high concentration of tile. More collapse in the form of large stones in no particular setting located directly under the tile concentration.


description:
The beaten earth-floor in Rm.29 solid grayish brown soil with inclusion of small stones, layer is approximately from 6 to 12 cm. in depth, small bones, pottery, iron obj. Inclusion of charcoal.


desc_brief:
Fill (or layer?) containing child burial in floor
Fill (or layer?) containing child burial in floor

description:
Disturbed grayish-brown soil containing rocks, tile fragments; baked hard by exposure to weather after 2002, so compact but friable; no good edges for extent, so if filling a cut would have been very shallow- infant bones exposed on surface

observations:
Upper levels of this soil might have been excavated in 2002, but not clear


desc_brief:
cut and construction (stone) of tomb 2 in south corner of church

description:
Rectangular cut in bedrock with top lined with small cut stones and tile, larger stones at head and foot at ground level; about .80 meters X 2.0 meters, .75 cm deep (estimates- see graphic documentation for accurate measurements); bedrock surfaces very roughly worked. Note this is a negative too as cuts bedrock so it is filled by SR362.


description:
Compact dark graysh brown soil that covers the majority of the west wing of room 31. It also exists in the SE part of the room (the portion adjacent to the previously excavated area at the SE end of the E wing). There is a strip of gravely surface (SR416) that runs parallel to the staircase that seems to be a different layer, although it is at more or less the same level as this layer

observations:
There was a flat stone placed on the floor @ the corner of walls 398 and 217 that may be a place stone for a post that would have supported the roof/covering for SR416?


desc_brief:
Pit disturbance in NE doorway of room 28

description:
[Originally read as cut filled by yellow collapse - ATR, 9/27/05] Possible edge of collapse from room Northeast of room 28. Possibly nonexistent; if real layer, more likely to be collapse due to its position through door.

observations:
[Appeared to be a cut during excavation, since very clear limits and hard, steep interface with 340; further observation, however, suggested that this was, in fact, simply the edge of a well-defined mound of collapse spilling through the doorway into room 33 -- ATR, 9/27/05]


desc_brief:
layer of roof and tile collapse in room 30

description:
Includes tile frag-s, ceramics, metal object, stone. Color - gray. Layer occupied area under part of room not excavated in 2002, ca. 20cm deep; tile collapse lay directly on the floor of the room. The other part of this layer was excavated in 2002

observations:
It consists of the bottom of the wooden object from context 358. [that is, the bottom of a round wooden post in a circular cut rested on the surface of this layer or was cut into it from the levels above -- ATR 6/06]

dating_elements:
Red-laquered ceramic/ (Roman?) 2 century AD


desc_brief:
fill of posthole? At west end of 369 in room 30


desc_brief:
posthole? Cut at west end of 369 in room 30

description:
Circle cut in w corner of room 30. the diameter 30 cm 15 cm deep, the bottom of the hole is hard


desc_brief:
Relatively loose brown soil forming matrix for large stones in room 36

description:
Loose soil with several large stones.  Low quantity of tile.  Identified along the outer edges and corners of room.

observations:
First identified as possibly intact collapse.  After excavation, it became apparent that this layer is quite loose with "pebbly" soil.  Some (not too many) buckets of tile may not have been included in count.


desc_brief:
Yellow loose soft silty with large stones in room 36

description:
Yellow loose silty soil forming matrix for large stones in room 36.  Composition is very loose with voids throughout.  Considerably more tile than other layers. Several architectural fragments with plaster - including pieces of arch - recovered from this layer near doorway.

observations:
Extremely loose and full of voids - doesn't appear to be "intact"; some buckets of tile estimated in count, although there was definitely  considerably more tile in this context than in others.  Possibly same as SR346.  Architectural fragments with plaster recovered from this layer.


description:
Stone collapse in room 35 which covers whole room;inclusions of modern materials, snails,plastic , etc.


description:
Loose collapse in room 33. Few big and medium stones mixed up with soil (pale brown soil); it contains a lot of pieces of plaster. This layer was very thin over the entire area of the room, c.a 3 cm., execpt in the N corner, c.a 7/8 cm.

observations:
I decided to give another number to this context that first seemed to be the bottom of 337, but there were too much plaster so another number was assigned.


desc_brief:
Fill of pit/disturbance in centre of room 36

description:
Fill of pit/disturbance (SR429) roughly in the center of rm 36.  loose soil, lots of snail shells and some modern material.

observations:
this context, along with SR429, was given a separate number relatively late in the excavation of the pit and was mostly included with PA001.  Tile not counted because it was included as PA001.


description:
Loose brown soil fill few stones filling cavity cut into bedrock foundations of wall.


description:
Grey soil with particles of charcoal and limestone crumb. Includes fragments of ceramics, metal objects, nails, fish bones, and glass. In the northwest part there is a concentration of crab bones.


desc_brief:
Cut in SW Wall of Room 28 - hiding place?

description:
irregular cut in bedrock and space left in SW wall of roon 28, forming a small truncated chamber aligned at ca. a 40' angle W/NW with respect to the ine of the wall; height from 30 cm at opening to ca 10 cm at rear, 35-40 cm deep; takes as its rear wall the lower courses of the wall of the church apse.

observations:
not clear if this was built with wall or subsequent to wall construction


description:
Medium to large stones in a matrix of brown-yellow soil, in all room. There are a lot of roots in the soil. This layer rises from SE to NW.


description:
Soil with fragments of ceramics, tiles, and bones. Soil color is brown. This context is located in the west corner of room 30.


description:
Round like cut in the western corner of room 30; about 25cm in diameter, ca 15 cm deep slightly truncated shape. Roughly circular


desc_brief:
Fill of Circular hole/Depression W corner Rm 30

description:
Brown-grey soil with the fr-s of bones and pebble stones. W corner of the Room 30

observations:
It's possible that the hole was made specially for hiding or collecting the sea stones.


description:
Well constructed wall with doorway centrally placed going to room 31a. Single slab threshold, large cut stones for door frame. Medium rough stones make up matrix for wall with loose brown fall. See also context sheet for CH2005


description:
Very thick poor quality wall. Rubble filled, poor faces.


description:
Loose dark gray ashy layer mostly in corners and along sw wall of room 36.  Not many artifacts except burned bone, burned ceramics, and some burned tile.  Fairly thin layer.


desc_brief:
area of large stone collapse  in the centre of room 33, from the wall 281.

description:
Irregular sub-circular natural depression in the collapse, filled by medium and large stones in a matrix of sandy reddish-brown soil, with some charcoal, roots and tiles.


description:
More compact layer of dark brown soil with some lighter clay and small charcoal inclusions. Context was approx. 5 cm deep and extended acroos the entire west wing of room 31.

observations:
Possibly layer of abandonment,  but also could be a secondary floor surface. The main difference between this context and the floor (Sr408) is the compaction. SR 408 is more compact and contains less artifacts/finds.  Buckets of tile not counted.


desc_brief:
sediment or fill in cavity wall in S corner of room 30

description:
Brown soil with limestone crumb and two bones -- large cow astragaloi from two different animals, set side by side and with their long axes in a horizontal plane (flat sides of astragaloi touching, curved sides on top and bottom)

observations:
No photos taken, no Byzantinists have been able to produce parallels in magical/traditional practice -- so always possible that this placement did occur by chance


description:
Cut in the limestone that is the foundation for SW wall of room 30. Oval/triangular form, with vertical long axis; located at the intersection of the bedrock and the stone foundation in the S corner of the room and filled with packed brown soil (403)


description:
Very compact dark brown soil with charcoal inclusion. These are consistent across the floor of room 31 A except for where the large stone exposed.

observations:
Bedrock encountered along the sw wall; two very large outcrops or stones that must have been exposed on or near the floor surface. They have been left in place because they are too big to move and even it we could it would leave huge holes in the floor.


description:
Stone collapse in room 35 without modern finds and materials in solid soil between the stones


description:
The fill in N part of room 35; solid soil, light grayish brown with inclusions of small stones, pieces of charcoal, very small pieces of ceramic, tile, small bones. In the middle of the N wall there is a trace of cement, so it may be the place for a modern post or pole.


desc_brief:
Intact tile and vessel collapse in room 33

description:
Collapse of vessels and tiles in a sandy brown soil. All the vessels were along the southern wall of the room.  In all the room there were a lot of nails, with a concentration in south-western side.


description:
Layer consists of large to medium stones in a brown soil. The context is just NW of the NW wall in room 31a. The floor of the courtyard is evident in the profile left by previous excavations. Consistency a bit more compact than SR 411, but the color was the same.

observations:
Concentration of ceramics, representing more than one vessel, and shell in the NE corner of the unit. Large concentration of tile along the north/ NW edge of the unit. The context seems to be seperated by a wall. In other words, it doesn't seem to be connected to the courtyard, but instead separate (this area eventually assigned room 37). Organic sample of sea grass taken from the western area of the context (just north of wall SR437).


description:
Soft soil with the traces of burning; pieces of burned beams in SW part of room 35; large quantity of nails in SW, some of them were in the wood(?) ; iron and glass slag, pieces of ceramic and pithos;      small quantity of tile.


description:
Irregular expanse of large, roughly flat pavers concentrated in center of room 28, W and N of the metal-working hearth

observations:
Sample of hammerscale sought with magnet between pavers.


description:
Dark black soil with several pieces of carbonized wood, burned bone, burned ceramics, burned tile (some appearing to be insitu), burned plaster, and burned stones.

observations:
Samples 6, 7, 8, and 9 taken.  Samples 5, 6, and 7 taken as other finds.  2 pieces of carbonized wood removed by conservators and shot in with TDS as other finds.  Soil is extremely dark in some places.  Steve Miller lifted piece of carbonized wood from area with apparently "intact" tile collapse sitting on black surface (sr414).  Sample of seaweed taken from SR414.


desc_brief:
Lower layer of burnt material in hearth 391

description:
Thick dark black soil, very compact, with small inclusions of charcoal (flakes etc), less slag than 391 but some small chunks still preset/ located in area of hearth below 391, above bedrock of hard clay surface.

observations:
This seems to have been the layer initially sampled (first part of section), recorded as 391 - but 391 in that area had already been taken of during a lifting of carbonised wood.


desc_brief:
Compacted light gravel surface adjacent to staircase

description:
Compact grayish brown (10YR 5/2), very gravely consistentcy with inclusions of 10YR 6/3 and 10YR 8/1. The layer runs in the west wing of room 31 adjacent to the staircase.

observations:
Excavation of context was begun only momentarily, then saved in order to float (or wait until next season).


desc_brief:
Very thin layer of ash and debris in possible hearth flue

description:
Very thin layer of black ash, small pieces of charcoal and very burnt animal bone, and some small pieces of slag similar to those in the hearth; fills a very slight depression in a straight line leading from what seems to be a gap in the side of the hearth.

observations:
Ash traces were fairly faint but definitely formed a line; not clear, however, if the line is really a flue or simply a scatter of material from the hearth itself


desc_brief:
Construction of metal-working hearth with stones/clay

description:
Roughly circular construction of small stones, clay (or perhaps [?] heated earth) and at bedrock located ca. 1.7 m from the door between room 28 and the street; about 35 cm in diameter, ca. 10-14 cm deep, fairly steep and well-defined edges but no evidence for any sort of upper structure; also seems to include  a rough, linear depression to the N-NE with some ash

observations:
If a superstructure had existed, the layer of collapse should have sealed it- so must have been portable or absent


desc_brief:
Upper layer of fill of well/cistern (?) in alley to room 30

description:
Soft greenish brown with inclusions of pottery lots of animal bone, decayed bedrock and some medium stones.


desc_brief:
Second layer of fill of well/cistern in alley to room 30

description:
Brown/Greenish soil with possible signs of animal turbation. Animal bones present as well as small inclusions.


description:
Thin (est 500mm) wall, two medium sized stone rock faces, only v small amount of fill between.


description:
Est 1m wide large stone paver steps running up to SE. Large stone outer wall, rubble filled


description:
Grey soil with tile, stones, ceramic fragments

observations:
Bit chewed up by modern disturbance in a few patchs


desc_brief:
Area of more compact brown soil with large stones in room 36

description:
Area of more compact brown soil forming matrix for large stones along the western wall.  Excavation revealed this layer to be of looser composition than originally thought.  Probably equals SR372.

observations:
Originally identified primarily along the destroyed/missing portion of the western wall of room 36.


description:
Layer of burning in room 35 with very dark black brown soil of soft consistency with broken tile, pottery, glazed pottery in pieces; a lot of nails and iron objects; pieces of burned wood and organic (acorn?) material; botanical material (other find # 1031 - grain?)


desc_brief:
Layer of tile collapse in NW area of courtyard 1

description:
Tile collapse with poorly articulated amphorae (bagged seperately) and other ceramics. Located in NW part of the unit between NW section profile and wall (SR437).

observations:
Not real surewhere the tile is coming from. Georeferencing photo taken and plan drawn (though mostly for the practice). Courtyard 1 in this area was eventually renamed to room 37.


desc_brief:
Second layer of fill in hole/pit in room 34 (Yard 2)

description:
About 1.5m down.Slightly more compact, greasier grayish green soil containing ceramics and small inclusions


description:
Circular cut in bedrock near the door between room 34 and the street, slightly under the wall of the room; appears also to cut floor surface, although circular depression could be the result of erosion into the pit; uneven unlined walls, uneven bottom with deeper, smaller cut off-center to the West; ca. 1 meter in diameter where cut begins, ca. 1.40 meter in depth

observations:
The upper levels of this feature may have been excavated in 2002, context not yet looked up; also not clear what relation to upper level of floor was (coverd by or cut through)


desc_brief:
cut/pit - disturbance around the center of room 36, filled by sr376

description:
Cut for pit/disturbance roughly in the center of room 36.  Filled by SR376.


description:
The cut was located in the middle of the excavated portion of room 37. Soil was darker (very dark brown grey) than surrounding matrix of SR411 and SR 426 and much looser consistentcy. The cut was approximately N-S 2.3 meters and E-W 2.5 meters

observations:
Recognized by loose fill and change of the colorof the soil. This was identified as Courtyard 1, but was later changed to room 37 after wall seperating the two was located.


description:
Fill of the pit from the cut SR430. Consisted of loose very dark brown grey soil with many artifacts including large amounts of ceramics, tile, and bone. Some tile  was placed directly under the wall and laid flat. Fill has very few stones, and those that were there were small to medium in size. This context of fill made up all of the pit except for two small more compact fill contexts (SR441 and SR442).

observations:
Large amounts of shell appeared directly under wall (SR437). This was identified as Coutryard 1, but was later changed to room 37 after wall seperating the two was located.


desc_brief:
Yellow sandy soil in room 36 under SR400

description:
Small area of yellow sandy soil.  Extremely thin layer with no artifacts.  Located in small area with carbonized wood and burned tile.

observations:
Soil sample taken that included some of this layer.  Very thin layer, possibly missed in other parts of room, however, probably not since it was clearly identifiable as sand and clearly distinct from the other layers in this room.  Rough sketch of general area on context form.


desc_brief:
Layer of ashy soil in NE part of room 35

description:
The layer of soil which had similar consistency, inclusions as SR 407 , but its color had some different features (more ashy).


description:
Collapse from buildings -roofing material as well as wall material, lots of tile, some ceramics although notably less than the interior space.


description:
Layer of hard-packed dark brown soil.  This layer included several large pieces of carbonized wood, including those lifted by the conservators.  Medium-sized, flatish stones, burned and fire-cracked were removed and were sitting on/in this layer (rough sketch on back of context sheet).

observations:
Coin (SF 2504) was burned on one side.  4 samples of wood lifted by conservators. Carbonized wood included pieces that appear to be from a burned door.   Flot samples taken.


desc_brief:
Fill of a cavity in the bedrock in E corner of room 35

description:
Fill of a pit in NE corner of room 35.  Tile and ceramic collapse (small quantity)


desc_brief:
wide late NW-SE wall running through room 37 (former NW end of yard 1)

description:
Very poor construction, built on top of (or as part of/contemporaneous with) fill of large pit (SR431). The wall was set on approx. 20 cm of fill (431). The base of the wall was large stones very poorly set, but placed on one another nonetheless.The wall was oriented roughly NE by SW and did not extend all the way across room 37. It did not connect with the western-most wall of room 31a/ Lots of tile associated with construction of wall

observations:
This was identified as Coutryard 1, but was later changed to room 37 after wall separating the two was located.


desc_brief:
Layer of ash and charcoal under 410 in room 33

description:
Layer of ash and charcoal in all the room, very thin in the northern side, 1-2 cm. c.a, and raises to 3-4 cm along the south-western side, where there were the door of the room.

observations:
It's a very thin layer that's why we are digging it with the upper layer, SR410


observations:
Not entirely sure about the "covered by" stratigraphic relationship.


desc_brief:
Fill in a pit/posthole in NE part of room 35

description:
Fill in a cut(post hole) in NE part of room 35. Solid light-brown soil; inclusions of clay(?), small bones, small quantity of ceramic. This "posthole" is an irregular oval cut located between the two large, circular cuts in this ledge of bedrock, and slightly to the SW


desc_brief:
Compact fill in west part of pit (SR431)

description:
More compact fill (similar in color to SR431) in the west/northwest portion of the pit. Soil is a dark grayish brown and the context is situated on the edge and floor of the pit.

observations:
The main difference between sr441 and sr431 is compaction, the former more compact than the latter. May be some contamination between the two aforementioned contexts.


desc_brief:
Compact light brown fill in east part of pit (SR431)

description:
More compact (light brownish gray) in the east part of the pit (SR431). Context situated on the edge and floor of the pit.

observations:
Much lighter and more compact than sr431.


desc_brief:
Cut of Circular hole/Depression W corner Rm 30

description:
The cut for the hole in western corner of room 30. Roughly circular cut without Southeast edge about 30 cm in diameter, 15 cm deep. Slightly truncated shape.

observations:
The cut could be connected with the cut in south corner of room (context 388)


desc_brief:
Context # assigned to lower layer of hearth in Rm 30

description:
Consists of yellow burned sand, includes fr-s of ceramics,burned bones, metal objects, nails. Form - oval.


desc_brief:
Bottom layer (Green Grey) of Collapse in Rm 31a (with charcoal inclusions)

description:
Compact green gray soil that contains many artifacts such as ceramics, bones (many of which were small and possibly fish) and tile. Also has many charcoal inclusions.

observations:
The majority of the context was screened in order to determine relationship to room 30 (possible fish processing area). Screen is approx. 1/4". Burned wood/charcoal samples taken from south part of room, shot in as other find. Note: Hard to judge the amount of bones being recovered as more or less than other contexts because this was the only context screened.


desc_brief:
beaten-earth sections of the floor of room 28

description:
Hard-packed, compact layer of clayey soil varying in color from grayish tan in the SW to beige tan in the N to a burnt chocolate brown near the door to the street; contains small rocks, animal bone, (including very heavily burnt pieces), small pieces of slag, pottery, charcoal inclusions; this number refers to all areas NE of the basin where beaten earth is present.

observations:
This layer may be the same as the thin layer of tan clay that covered cut bedrock south of the basin, but it is much thicker and more clearly a floor surface


desc_brief:
Fill of large hole/disturbance in the southeast end of room 30

description:
Brown soil with the inclusions of limestone crumb and fragments of tile, ceramics, bones and fishbones, metal objects.

observations:
To the beginning of excavations of 2004 the fill of the hole was covered by the lime mortar and stones that were created after 2002 year excavations. Ceramic evidence from this layer includes a small number of fragments of local amphorae of the 12th-14th c., but a larger assemblage of material dating to the 9th-11th c.


desc_brief:
Cut of large hole/disturbance in the southeast end of room 30

description:
Rectangle-like cut in the south corner of room 30, 1.2 x 2m, ca. 50-60cm deep, fairly straight sides


description:
The collapse was concentrated in the southern half of the west wing of room 31. Context was approximately 5 to 10 cm deep and did not extend over the entire area of the west wing of the room 31

observations:
The collapse was georeferenced. Large non-descript tiles recovered from context, but were sent to lab. Collapse didn’t cover the entire surface of room 31; didn’t even cover the entire west wing of room 31.


desc_brief:
upper layer of metal working hearth in room 28

description:
Soft, black ashy soil located in a circular area approximately 35cm in diameter near the SE door of room 28; contains some small rocks, possibly burnt and a large quantity of various fragments of slag of differing consistency, some small charcoal fragments, about 5-7cm deep.

observations:
Sectioned during excavation, profile from elevations; only partially preserved for normal excavations, since dug out in part to lift intact wood.


desc_brief:
Layer of collapse along SW wall and  in S and W corners of room 33

description:
Medium stones in a sandy yellow -reddish soil. There are some roots and little pieces of plaster too, frequent in W corner of the room thereare some traces of charcoal. In S corner there's a piece of burnt wood, 40 cm in length, (Sample take). Along the south-east wall of the room  there is a concentration of nails.

observations:
SR392 e 393 are probably from the same moment of the collapse, since there isn't a clear boundary between them.

dating_elements:
Frg. Of pottery present in Chersones from XI to XIII cent.


desc_brief:
Layer of collapse in N  corner of room 33.

description:
Medium stones in a loose sandy brown soil with roots and frags of plaster. Near the closed doorway (wall N-E )there is some traces of charcoal. towards the centre of the layer color changes to yellowish brown.

observations:
SR392 e 393 are probably from the same moment of the collapse, since ther isn't a clear boundary between them.

dating_elements:
frag of pottery present 11th to 13th Century


desc_brief:
thick wall along ne edge of insula at east end

description:
Outside wall facing street well constructed medium to large stoes with squared blocks around doorways runs length of Rm 33 and Rm 36 then bonds with construction around Rm 35.


description:
Blocking door made by 2 parallel walls built in a sub-horizontal line, between them there are little stones and browish soil. Inside the room it's possible to see 5 sub-horizontal lines of 4-5 squared stones, 30-40x10-15 cm. outside you can see just 3 lines of stones not squared, 5 for each line.


description:
Wall built  on bedrock slope at Sw end, beam slot possibly visible at top exposure. Medium to large stones very lightly packed with smaller packing in centre.


description:
Medium to small stone wall packed with large squared stone framed doorway.


desc_brief:
Compact brown fill layer in NW part of room 38

description:
Thick layer of compact brown soil in the better part of cut 900 (save for a small section on its extreme W side). This layer was compact and produced many small finds, several nails, some larger-sized pottery, small pieces of plaster and many seashells.


desc_brief:
Clay layer below bedrock on the entire site


desc_brief:
Brown soil SE of central part of church, main street


desc_brief:
Hearth feature in central part of church


desc_brief:
Light gray ashy layer near wall course/hearth in area 3 courtyard


desc_brief:
Light brown gravely layer between cistern and wall course in area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Fine ashy brown soil in central area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Grayish brown gravely layer in SE area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Dark brown soil parallel and adjacent to wall 296 area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Layer above bedrock in East wing of room 31


desc_brief:
Fill in bedrock in East part of east wing, room 31


description:
Layer of relatively compact soil (includes two large stones) in the northern part of cut 901 extending under wall 264.  The soil was more compact under the large stones but the material was of consistent color, texture and inclusions. At its extent, this layer included no more than 20 sqaure centimeters of soil. The soil lacked a great deal of debris, though the majority of the material was "special."

observations:
A bit of incertainty about the relative compactness of the soil in some places, but not all, in this layer. I have attributed this to the stones and our stepping on the area while getting in and out of cut 728 but, this could be misguided. So, I treated both slightly compact and more compact soil at the same level as the same material, and same context.


desc_brief:
Fill of pit in bedrock in W side of East wing, room 31


desc_brief:
Cut in light brown soil in SE corner of central part of the church


desc_brief:
Layer of crumbled lime with pieces of charcoal in central part of church


desc_brief:
Layer of compact brown fill in cut 0901, room 38

description:
Very small, compact brown surface in the north part of cut 901.


desc_brief:
Loose dark brown ashy fill in SE area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Cut filled by 0877 and 0884 in central area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Brown soil with rubble and many artefacts on W edge of area 3, courtyard


description:
Large sqaured cut in the bedrock in the N side of room 38.


desc_brief:
Semicircular cut in bedrock below wall 264, room 38

description:
Northern most semicircular cut in the bedrock underneath wall 264.


desc_brief:
Cut in bedrock in central area of church


desc_brief:
Compact light brown in wester part of central area, church


desc_brief:
Cut for the fill 0899, West edge of Area 3 Courtyard


desc_brief:
Cut for the fill 0896, SE area 3 Courtyard


desc_brief:
Compact clay fill in Western part of the cut 0900, Room 38

description:
Compact clay layer of fill in the central-western part of cut 900. This layer was distinct from both 908 and 879 which were adjacent to it. This layer also had a cut on its eastern side, cut 909.  The soil was compact and contained debris typical of trash fills - pottery, bones, plaster, metal objects, but also three ceramic loom weights.


desc_brief:
Western part of central area, church, light brown compact surface


desc_brief:
Compact clay fill in extreme west area in cut 0900


desc_brief:
Compact brown surface with lime and charcoal inclusions, NW part of room 38


desc_brief:
Brown soil with human remains, under SE wall of church on Main street


desc_brief:
Fill of a small pit in west part of area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Cut for a pit in west part of area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Yellowish brown layer in SE area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Tile collapse near wall 296, area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Cut in bedrock in central part of the church


desc_brief:
Compact brown surface above bedrock and vertical layer in center of cut 0900, room 38


desc_brief:
Wall course associated with hearth c.n. 0882, area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Semicircular conical cut in bedrock in area between tombs 1 and 2


desc_brief:
Fill of small pit in bedrock, south area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Fill of a pit between cistern and wall course 0922, area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Rocky layer with brown soil matrix, NW of cistern, courtyard


desc_brief:
Fill of circular pit by cut of 913 in middle area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Remains of wall structure with mortar by wal 296, area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Pebbely brown soil below c.n. 0929, area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Construction of stone and mortar in 0913, area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Mud bricks above bedrock in 0933, area 3, courtyard


desc_brief:
Layer of white mortar at the top of cut 0936


desc_brief:
Stone wall between complex 1 and courtyard


desc_brief:
Wall on bedding layer upon slabs/bedrock in SE side of room 37


desc_brief:
Blocking wall closing room 31 off from room 25


desc_brief:
Posthole in bedrock in NE part of room 35

description:
A posthole in bedrock in NE part of room 35.  Posthole has a diameter of approximately 20-25cm, 20cm deep. it is an irregular oval located between the two large circular cuts in this bedrock ledge, occupying the edge of the eastern of the two


desc_brief:
Layer beneath ceramic collapse in room 35

description:
Unburned layer beneath the ceramic collapse in SW part of room 35. Soft yellowish-brown soil with inclusions of charcoal, pieces of ceramic,etc.


description:
The cut in bedrock in SW part of room 35 ; 2,25/ 1,85 m. Walls of SW corner of room 35 are situated on the top of bedrocks rise (see sketch).


description:
This context is composed of two roughly circular cuts with a shallow slope, each about 15-20cm deep at their greatest depth, set side-by-side on a ledge of bedrock left at the NE end of room 35. Little care seems to have been taken in their creation, since their edges were left rough; the one at the N corner of the room also has a deep, smaller cut running down at a slight angle at its NE side. The larger of the two (in the N corner) is perhaps 50cm in diameter, the smaller ca. 40cm in diameter. Both were filled with the same compact gray-brown fill


desc_brief:
Bottom of fill in pit and between bedrock

description:
[need to check photocopies of CH04 for this description]

observations:
SF2582 was associated with this layer during data entry, but in the GIS it is in room 37, where SR441 was being excavated at the same time -- likely that the coin is actually from the latter and that someone misread the paper register (confusing a European "1" with a "7").


description:
Dark grayish brown, clayey layer containing bone, ceramic, and some metal.  Soil is "gummy"/clayey and was primarily located in southern half of room.

observations:
Originally identified as packing for cracks/gaps in bedrock - this fill was later determined to be SR468 after seeing the relationship shown in photo 263.  The bags for this layer will include material that should now be with 468 (not identified until after some had been excavated).


desc_brief:
Thin layer of black under 448 in room 36

description:
Thin layer of black.  Distribution is about the same as 435 and 448.  Layer was quite thin and between "packing" (448) and next "floor".  No artifacts.

observations:
Possible evidence of burning, however, no definitely burned artifacts or carbonized wood associted with this layer.


desc_brief:
Thin layer of black under 435 in room 36

description:
Thin layer of black soil under 435.   Layer was quite thin and between "floor" (435) and "packing" (448).

observations:
few artifacts from this layer - very thin layer.


description:
Floor of the room, bed-rock with a thin layer of brown sandy soil, 2-3 cm.,especially in the natural lower part of the rock.


desc_brief:
Second layer of earth-beaten floor room 29

description:
The second earth-beaten floor in room 29.  Covered by sr364, solid soil with inclusions of small stones, small pieces of pottery, bones, etc.


desc_brief:
Fill of Pit on northeast part of room 29

description:
Fill of Pit on northeast part of room 29.  Solid ground, inclusions of smal stones, a few pieces of ceramics.  Fill is bordered by some kind of greenish gley.  Diameter of surface of pit is approximately .5 meter.

observations:
Fill is different from other contexts because of gley, small stones.


desc_brief:
Bedding layer beneath the floors in room 29

description:
Bedding layer beneath the floor n.2 (SR452) in Rm. 29, soft soil with inclusions of stone, clay (remains of plastering?) pottery, middle size bones and many sea shells.


desc_brief:
Layer of dark brown packed earth room 29


desc_brief:
Assemblage of pots in situ on floor of room 33

description:
Assemblage of pots in situ on floor of rm 33; there are 6 pithoi, one in the western corner (with its own fill), 4 in the centre of the room, 2-3-6-4. the last one with a cross on the rim, and a big pithos layed down from the northern to the centre of the room. All the pithoi seem to have a little base, diameter 15 cm., a large shape (the body has a diameter of 50 cm.) and a flat rim. 8 amphoras are placed in the NE area of the room, in front of the closed door SR395.


description:
Area of possible eroded bedrock in western corner and doorway between rooms 36 and 32.  Hard-packed, clayey in spots, with ceramics and bone.

observations:
Possibly same as in room 32.  Excavated out of sequence - decided to take it out after we started on lower layers given the identification of it as eroded bedrock covering lower layers.


desc_brief:
Layer of brown gray soil, compact under context 448 in room 36

description:
Very compacted brownish gray soil under SR448 and 449.  Had less a distribution than SR435.  Primarily located along southern and southeastern part of room.

observations:
Fairly thin layer  not identified along eastern wall until after excavation of this part of layer and after we started excavating "packing" beneath.


description:
Ashy layer running from doorway of room 29 across to doorway of room 36.  Black fine consistency - hammerscale prevalent, few finds, lots of slag.

observations:
Metalurgical sample taken.  1 of every 3 buckets taken fro flot.


description:
Brown earth along the NW wall in room 32 - .5 to 2 m wide.  The color of the fill is uneven (from brown to black).  The fill contains some particles of the bedrock as well as animal bones, shells, and ceramics.  The edges of the fill are not definite.  At the north corner of the room, bones of a large animal and burned wood.

observations:
pottery provides a fairly precise date in the 10th c. AD


description:
Possible fill for posthole aligning with top of stairs -  possibly supports for second story building.  Fill loose brown/bedrock inclusions.  Also small fragments of wood found in hole.


description:
Possible cut for  posthole to support a second story/landing.


desc_brief:
Layer of very solid soil in center of room 29

description:
Very solid soil in the middle of room 29, direction: doorway. Inclusions of small stones, bones, pottery, small pieces of charcoal.


description:
Posthole measuring approximately 100mm x 70mm, angles e-w near NE wall of room 32.  also aligned with opsthole 463 and doorway of room 36 and top of stairs at west end of room.


desc_brief:
Grayish clayey soil under SR 458 in room 36

description:
Grayish/"greenish" clayey soil similar in color, texture, and compaction to SR448.


desc_brief:
Fill of posthole near door to room 36 in room 32

description:
Loose brown soil fill, small amount of ceramics, some bedrock inclusion.


description:
Fill of pit/disturbance (SR471) in room 36.  Gray/"greenish" clayey soil similar in color and texture to SR448 and 468.  Had lots of bone, burned bone and ceramics.  Also included metal, tile, glass, and bronze.

observations:
Similar to SR448 and SR458 in color and texture, although content and compaction was slightly different.  Many more artifacts from this layer.


description:
Layer of solid soil in the centre of the room, inclusions of small stones, clay, pottery, bones, sea-shells.


description:
cut in bedrock forming pit from which SR469 was excavated.


desc_brief:
Light brown/brown clayey layer in NE part of room 32

description:
Light brown/brown clayey slightly more compact layer. Situated running NW-SE 40 cm and 15 cm in width (NE-SW) concentrated in front of the doorway between rooms 32 and 36.


desc_brief:
Fill of pit near the middle of SW wall of room 29

description:
Very soft dark soil with traces of burning with no finds.


description:
Cut of approximately 8 X 10 cm in diameter and 18 cm deep filled with black very loose soil (SR475). Situated in the north/NW portionof room 32, not far from the doorway joining room 32 and room 36.

observations:
Unlikely, but possibly a tree mold. In the same area as SR476 and SR478.


description:
Very loose black soil (loam) with very little in the way of artifacts.

observations:
Only 2 or 3 sherds and 1 small piece of bone found. No remains of wood from the post found. In the same area as SR 474 and SR478.


description:
Small circular disturbance filled with very loose black soil (SR477). Shape at definition was circular-ish, but as excavated it became very irregular, shooting off at approx. 45 degree angle.

observations:
See SR 474 context sheet for a sketch plan.


description:
Semi-regular cut (juxtaposed straight edges at two different levels) approximately 7 by 6 cm in diameter at the surface and 4 by 4 cm in diameter at 4 cm below that (the surface). The cut is approximately 8 cm from the surfact to the bottom.

observations:
See context sheet for SR474 for sketch planview. In the same area as SR474 and SR476


description:
Very loose black soil (loam) with no artifacts.


desc_brief:
Layer of soil and limestone in room 33 under SR456

description:
Layer of loose brown soil and limestone along the southern wall, in the centre of the room.


desc_brief:
Cut in bedrock filled by SR473 in room 29

description:
Cut in bedrock, 30x40 cm., 20cm in depth.


desc_brief:
Fill of two pits/cuts in bedrock in room 29

description:
Soft brown soil with inclusions of small stones, pieces of ceramics and small bones.


desc_brief:
Two cuts in bedrock in SW part of room 29

description:
2 cuts in bedrock: first near the SW wall of the room, 50x30 cm., 30cm. depht; the second one has a diameter of 35-40 cm.20 cm. in depth.


desc_brief:
Natural bedrock over entire area of site

description:
Natural Bedrock takes form of white limestone. Sometimes it can be very powdery and liable to erode, other times very hard and rock like.


desc_brief:
Bench composed of column capitals at E corner of insula (SF2721-23)

description:
3 x Column capitals. From SE end. One large intact (est 900 x 600 mm). Middle (est 900x600mm) broken into 3 frags. NW end (est 800x 450mm) with 2 fracture lines. Make up bench with incised gaming boards x 2 on SE end capital.


desc_brief:
Rough construction of stones in W corner of room 33 -- pithos stand

description:
Rough construction of stones in w corner of the room, pithos stand, but the central ones may also have served as a stand for the wooden bucket or barrel


desc_brief:
Compacted pebble surface of street along NE side of insula

description:
Compacted earth, pebble, ceramic and other small inclusions surface. Slopes down to 489 (drain) in the middle. In good preservation.


desc_brief:
Box drain with slab covers in the center of street along the NE side of the insula

description:
Large stone slab covered/capped drain running down the middle of the street and at SE end turning further to the east. Partially covered by road/ compacted earth surface


desc_brief:
Fill of posthole on the NW side of room 29


desc_brief:
Fill of second posthole on the NW side of room 29

description:
Fill of a posthole, black ashy soil, with no finds.


desc_brief:
Second cut/posthole on the NW side of room 29


desc_brief:
Drystone wall with mud mortar running between rms 32/28 and rms 33/36

description:
see context sheet from CH02 for initial details; the lower parts of this wall are very strange since an extension seems to be built up against the ne face and other parts are only very loosely chinked; the sw face of the wall has largely fallen away, leaving only the lowest corses of stone; also founded directly to bedrock left high under wall.


description:
wall roughly constructed with mixed stone size made to encompass outside of church apse. Plaster/pointing (yellowish) on SE end of wall.


desc_brief:
Wall NW end of courtyard partially destroyed

description:
Wall possibly contained courtyard 1 now partially destroyed by trench running E -> W. Large and small stone face. More of se face missing.


description:
Stairs running down into stairs 497 and into room 32. large stone squared blocks and rubble filled. Also looks like runing up to second storey.


description:
Large stone paver blocks (est 1.6M) width stairs - rubble filled construction running from courtyard down into rm 32. Square cut hole in N corner of bottom step and carved in N corner to meet 496.


description:
Bench/ Step made from stone blocks and column base, possibly just a step into a doorway as very low and poor materials as well as smaller material than most benchs.


desc_brief:
Wall running SE to NW slightly off alignment to insula

description:
Medium to large stone wall est width 650mm slightly off orientation of insula. Also collapsing into room 31a. Continues into baulk.


desc_brief:
Narrowing of door from room 28 to room 33

description:
200mm narrowing of doorway on NW side. Medium cut stones used packed hard against original dorrway frame.


desc_brief:
Cut in bedrock in room 36, filled by SR439

description:
Cut in bedrock in SE middle of room 36, filled by SR439.


desc_brief:
bench outside room 35 and 34 on street consists of 2 worked stones


description:
See context sheet from CH01 for details, but note differing interpretation of stratigraphic relationships


desc_brief:
NE-SW wall forming west corner of room 28


desc_brief:
Wall along the SE side of corridor between room 30 and room 29

description:
See context sheet from CH01 for details - but note differing stratigraphic relationships.


description:
For details, see documentation from CH01; new stratigraphic relationships added below


desc_brief:
Faced dry-stone wall between room 29 and courtyard 1

description:
*see context sheet from CH01 for details- but note differing interpretation of stratigraphic relations


desc_brief:
Faced dry-stone wall between room 32 and courtyard 1

description:
* see context sheet from CH01 for details- but note differing interpretation of stratigraphic relations


desc_brief:
dry stone terrace closing the courtyard end of rm25

description:
see context sheet from CH01 for initial details; but note differing interpretation of stratigraphic relationships


desc_brief:
dry stone wall with dormiente between rms 30 and 25

description:
see context sheet from CH01 for initial details; but note differring interpretation of stratigraphic repationships ( if present)


description:
see context sheet from CH01 for initial details; but note that a) I think it is impossible that the apse cuts this wall, which must instead abut the apse and b) the wall is cut by the construction of wall safe

observations:
old interpretation w wall cuts by apse seems to be undermined by fact that the walll seems to butt, wall safe built up against apse


desc_brief:
doorsill of door between yard 1 and room 32

description:
see context sheet from CH01 for initial details;

observations:
In current recording, this would not have a separate context.


desc_brief:
Number assigned in 2001 to the stairs running nw-se in room 32


desc_brief:
projecting corner of wall between rooms 32 and 28

description:
see context sheet from CH01 for initial details; but note that this context is essentially artifical and as noted in original context, is equal to sr033


description:
see context sheet from CH02 for initial details;


description:
see context sheet from CH02 for initial details; additional info includes fact that this wall is founded partially in cut bedrock, which forms its lower structure (visible in rm 35); though interpreted in 2002 to bond w 213, there is a clear seam visible next to the door between rooms 32 and 36


desc_brief:
dry stone wall with well made jamb between rooms 29 and 32

description:
see context sheet from CH02 for initial details; -but note differring stratigraphic relationships


desc_brief:
number assigned to part of wall 213 in w side of door to room 32

description:
see context sheet from CH02 for initial details; but note differing interpretation of stratigraphic repationships ( in particular the equivalence of this number w 213)

observations:
Way bond rather their butt with staircase 124/497


desc_brief:
dry stone wall with dormiente between rooms 30 and 31

description:
see context sheet from CH02 for initial details; note new stratigraphic relationships


desc_brief:
blocking wall closing rm 31 off from rm 25


desc_brief:
dry stone masonry wall between rm 38 and stenopos

description:
see context sheet from CH02 for initial details; additional info is that wall is very damaged may have a door to street, abutted by a bench or low wall along the street side.


desc_brief:
blocking of door between rooms 38 and 31

description:
see context sheet from CH02 for initial details; see also context sheet from CH05 for details about the foundation and lower reaches of this wall


desc_brief:
dry stone semi terrace wall between yard 1 and room 30

description:
see context sheet from CH02 for initial details; but note new stratigraphic relationships

observations:
Is 404 a cut into this wall, or was it built into it?Knucklebones nestled  w/construction or later activity


desc_brief:
wall closing off rm 28 from rm 32 - later blocking

description:
see context sheet from CH02 for initial details; to be added is the founding of this wall on bedrock cut down to just above the level fairly small stones used in constrution; relation with other walls seems relatively clear, but phasing will not be certain until floors of 28 and 32 are excavated.

observations:
Some possibility that what we see as a but with 33/155 is actually a bond -the edge of that angle has no good foundation stone.


desc_brief:
doorstep between walls 257 and 292 (door to rm34)


desc_brief:
drystone wall between stenopos and rm 35

description:
see context sheet from CH02 for initial details; further excavation revealed that this wall was slightly off the line of 394 but that where they should meet at an angle this wall is widened on the street side to mask the difference in fa?ade.


desc_brief:
dry stone wall , destroyed in centre, between rm 33 and 36

description:
see context sheet from CH02 for initial details; after this season, clear that centre of wall collapsed almost to the lowest corse, which rests in part on floor level bedrock and in part on the fill of cuts in bedrock; wall has bellied to the NW during collpase; on the face in rm 36 are visible several places where th ewall was pointed with hard yellow clay.


description:
see context sheet from CH02 for initial details; further excavation shows that most if the wall is actually in good condition, with jambs of large square blocks with holes for the door fastenings; on rm 33 side, the southern jamb has a hole in which a piece of burnt wood is preserved; the North jamb at a certain point was added to to make the door narrower (in conjunction w blocking of other door?)

observations:
possible that this wall is abutted by 35, but the presence of a sill at the area where the join should be makes it impossible to tell.


desc_brief:
dry stone wall w/large blocks, damaged, between rms 33 and plateia

description:
see context sheet from CH02 for initial details; further excavation confirmed that the ouside face was essentially destroyed, although the inside face with large stones was in relativel good condition


description:
for details, see context sheet from CH01


description:
Mixed rubble fill consisting of 19th/20th century ceramic and tiles, barbed wire. Stones medium (20-40 cm) to small (less than 20 cm); composition of soil is fine gray and ashy. Concentration of 20th century glass and bone in the N part of the trench. Approximately 25cm below surface the size and frequency of medium size  stones increases

observations:
Cut trench in order to expose a profile of the main road; made a 2nd and 3rd pass to about 25-30 cm deep because context remained same; the context extended into the area that Italo opened up because found to be the same gray context approximately 4.30 meters in length and approx. 25-30 cm in depth. Once the trench was cut a profile was cut on the opposite side (to the west); as profiles matched up the entirety of the main plateia was included as context 503. In the SE edge of the plateia the layer has a sloping down to the SE extending deeper. In other words, context 503 was deeper to the south edge of the plateia.

dating_elements:
19th/20th century ceramics, modern glass and metal


description:
Composed of brown soil/rubble with 19th/20th century ceramics, tiles, barbed wire… The majority of ranged from medium (20-40 cm) with several larger stones (>40cm in diameter)


description:
Ashy-gray fine silt loam, roughly ovoid in shape 1.0 by 0.5m, hearth feature defined by incomplete cirle of stones next to door to street.

observations:
Feature trowel cleaned to trace possible interfaces, and to attempt to define limits. Feature fill removed, possibly with some of the final phase floor. Interface between feature fill in the north and floor surface difficult to ascertain, and some of the floor may have been removed (30cm diameter). Feature remarked as "large, but not impossible as a hearth"


desc_brief:
Construction of metal working hearth with stones/clay in room 28

description:
See context sheet for CH04SR418-archaeometallurgist noticed clear evidence of metal working hearth floor at bottom of construction.


description:
Includes frag-s of tiles, stones, bones, ceramics, modern glass. Color- grey. Covers the stones.

observations:
Not very sharp edges, blends with other layers of fill.


desc_brief:
Fill of the pit in courtyard ( NW side )

description:
Stone collapse / fill of pit 1,8-2,0 m in diameter; soft brown soil between the stones with inclusions of small stones, shells, many roots. In NW side of collapse there were fragments ( necks ) of 3 amphorae ( V - VII A.D.).Finds : huge animal bones , few pieces of iron slag. No special finds. A piece of modern glass bottle was founded between the stones in upper level of collapse.

observations:
In common our work consisted of moving the stones, ground,gathering the material.


desc_brief:
Ash scatter  in E corner of the room 33 -( hearth feature) in E. corner of room 33.

description:
Ash patch (appx. 1.6 x 1.6 m)  Ash patch contains high density of slag and iron bits. Ashiest portion seems to have been limited to the east corner, with a noticeably higher concentration of slag 1.2m  from the east wall. Deposit seems to have built up into the corner and sits on a bump. Soil was a fine silt loam with charcoal inclusions.

observations:
trowel cleaned to trace or reveal any interfaces or discrete formations. Once feature was identified context was changed to 555 to further isolate material.


description:
Brown topsoil that extends across the trench and main plateia from 5-10 cm below surface

observations:
Layer removed without collecting any artifacts except for special finds; all modern rubbish


description:
This context number is assigned to material that is found on the site out of any context.TEST


description:
Hard packed final phase floor surface of room 33. Heavy patch in East corner, ash patches (discrete) in the north-west center, north-west corner, and south corner of the room. Uneven surface  resulting from cuts to support pithoi. Inclusions include, tile, ceramic, bone, and metal, industrial waste.-For more detailed description see context sheet from 2004; new info includes depth, between 15-20 cm think, thinner in some places

observations:
Peeled floor surface (hard-packed) off down to next surface layer.


description:
Mottled gray/dark gray ashy fine silt loam; the section for metallurgical samples was 6.8M X 4.2M. Basically from wall 49 south to tomb 3 and east to walls 31/32 (sketch on back). Small stones with medium concentration of cutural material (ceramics, tile…); a couple of small patches of 7.5YR 3/1 very dark gray ash; several stoppers from courtyard and extension, apparently made from tile recovered

observations:
Sectioned the courtyard. Metallurgical sample #172 was moved 10 cm towards sample #171 because it was not possible to sample at this point because there was a large rock deeply embedded in the soil. Sample #162 was alos moved 10 cm towards Sample #163 because a rock obstructed the sampling area. Both points were reshot with the TDS in the afternoon before samples were taken. No preliminary date for ceramics from Ana.


description:
Light brown-grey soil with big amount of stones; also includes small frag-s of tile, ceramics; bones. Stones range in size from 10 cm to a few very large (75 cm) cut blocks; located immediately under topsoil and in area of main road - under modern fill. See also CH04SR0423.

observations:
Material mixed in with material from modern electric cable trench for most of its excavation


desc_brief:
Fill of the well in NW side of courtyard

description:
Fill of well or cistern equal to 507 context: brown soft soil between the stones (stone collapse).Main difference from 507 context is in the less quantity of stones , as well as shells bones etc.Stones are concentrated in the center of well or cistern. Diameter of 511 is approx. 1,2-1,5 m.

observations:
Paleobotanical samples were taken every 0,5 m. 04/VII/05 we constructed a winch to lift the stones.


description:
Fallen stones of several dimensions (from 4cm to 40cm across)  mixed with brownish soil, tiles, pottery, metal; extended across the entire room.

observations:
The collapse is very clear and well preserved, even though some modern elements were found (probable intrusions). Big stones were concentrated above near  the walls, while the center was occupied by smaller stones and tiles. At 1 m from NW wall and 1.60 from SW wall we recorded a little area characterized by little stones and tiles, a large quantity of nails and some modern intrusions (a nail and few  little pieces of glass). The coin (2817) was found in a "niche" formed by two stones of 521 next to E corner. [the date of that coin is placed in the 10th c. -- Romanus 1 -- so probably residual: ATR 10/7/06]


description:
Ashlar slabs surrounded by dark-brownish soil filled with small stones and pottery.


description:
Loose, light brownish gray soil, silt loam, little stones, shells, some pottery, bones, metal.


description:
Alligned sketched slabs in vertical position.

observations:
The tomb, orientated in SW/NE direction, widens towards SW.


description:
Brown soil with stones.  Includes fragments of tile, ceramics, and bones; upper layers probably disturbed by modern intrusions; layer slopes up to wall of insula, thinnest (10 cm) at SE side, irregular limits.


desc_brief:
Stone collapse without earth in the well in NW side of the courtyard

description:
Fill of well by stones without the ground between the stones or with the small quantity of soil (greyish brown with inclusions of yellow powder - desintegrated limestone).The quantity of finds is less than in 511 context.The context begins in the depth approx. 2,5 m.Some stones have the traces of burning.

observations:
At the beginning of 517 context we made a cut on the well shaft- deepest point which can be measured by the prism ( 17,2385 point ).


description:
number assigned to cover area excavated in 2005 (room half-sectioned in 2004): for details, see context sheet for CH04SR0354


description:
Loose ashy 40 x 50 cm  fill consisting of fine-silt-loam with a high density of charcoal and ash containing ceramics, tile, bone, and metallurgical debris. Potentiall the fill of a cut but excavation circumstances prevented cut from being identified. Instead recorded as a lens

observations:
Potential interfaces removed inadvertently, soil loosened through floral turbation further obscuring possible interfaces. Larger than 500g sample taken to compensate for lack of depositional/contextual information. Attempted to discern limits of feature, beyond tracing extent of ash patch no discrete limits or interfaces were visible.


desc_brief:
Lower/earlier floor level below 451 in room 33

description:
Hard packed floor surface, defined by sherds on horizontal orientation. Soil is a fine silt-loam Hue 10YR 6/1 with ash patch in the NW. Complex fill level comprising of several dumps of discrete material, voids, inclusions: articulated plaster, walling stones, brick, very high amounts of bone, ceramic and tile.

observations:
Context was initially identified as a surface below context 451. Discerning a clear stratigraphic break between the cuts for the ash pits, and the hearth feature posed a perplexing problem. Upon excavation, the entire level appeared to be a single filling event. Sediments were removed by big-pick for expediency, and in arbitrary passes aimed at identifing interfaces.


desc_brief:
Fill of stones with greyish brown wet soil in the well

description:
Fill of well by stones and greyish brown wet plastic soil with inclusions of charcoal, small stones and yellowish powder ( desintegrated limestone ).Pieces of pottery with the traces of burning. The surface of 520 context is 86 cm deeper than 17,2385 point.The depth of the surface of 520 context is 3,15-3,30 m. from the beginning of the shaft.The well shaft widenes in the depth of 3 m.

observations:
We took botanical samples from the layer 1,5 m. and 2,6 m. below the 17,2385 point.


desc_brief:
Dry stone masonry wall of room 38 - NW wall

description:
Double course of roughly squared blocks and reused material (ashlar with anathyrosis and drafted margins; moulding; blocks with clamp holes); wall appears to be faced on both sides, but NW side not cleared during 2005 excavations

observations:
NW face of this wall on plan is dubious -- probably not all material was cleared from above that face as of the end of 2005


desc_brief:
Black ashy soil in south section of courtyard

description:
Semi triangular black ashy soil approximately 90 cm (NW/SE) X 70 cm (NE/SW) depth approximately 8-10 cm, contains high quantity of slag/industrial debris. This context was very distinct and discrete, as close to a 'sealed' context as we experienced in the courtyard. Filled somewhat irregular cut in surface under last courtyard surface


desc_brief:
Cistern/Well in NW side of church courtyard.

description:
A well/cistern cutted in bedrock in NW side of church courtyard. The well shaft is quadrant shaped in cross section, approx. measurements: 1,07- 1,05m.In the depth of 3.15m well shaft widenes to 2,5-2,7m lacuna in clay layer ( caused by natural abrasional processes).The depth of this clay layer is 1,3-1,5m. After that the well shaft continious in bedrock again.At last day of excavation of the well its depth was approx. 6,4m from the surface.

observations:
We had to delay the excavations of the well to next season.


desc_brief:
Black ashy soil in west section of courtyard

description:
Dimensions are 52 cm N-S, 40 cm E-W, and 25 cm in depth; fine ashy soil with many pieces of slag both metal and vitreous. The context extends into the profile of the unexcavated [section of the] courtyard. Filled an irregular cut in 2 surfaces under the last courtyard surface (509).

observations:
Some type of metal working associated feature? Excavated to approximately 15 cm in depth; had to return to finish excavating because it wasn’t all removed on the first go around. After cleaning the profile it appears that 524 is connected/associated with context 587.


desc_brief:
Large area of black ashy soil in center of courtyard

description:
Black ashy soil with large amounts of industrial debris (metal slag). Has brown, gray, and green ashy silty inclusions [and it] also has orange and yellow clay inclusions. Original definition of context was approximately 2M (N-S) X 1M (E-W). As context was excavated its definition stretched [extended] southward another 60 cm and the area to the north was assigned [to] another context (563). Depth of context varied from approximately 30-55 cm.

observations:
Context 525 is super strange and different from the other black ashy contexts that were located under context 509. It is both deeper and less defined, it tends to dive in strange directions. Concentration of bones in the southern end (S/SE). Just less than  half of the datable ceramics are from earlier period than the XIII century. In retrospect, some of the artifacts removed as [part of] SR 525 were likely from context 563 (see sketch on back) [see  context 563 form for further explanation].


desc_brief:
Reddish soil SE of Context 525 in courtyard

description:
Dimensions are 20 X 20 cm with a depth of 25 cm. Fine ashy loam, roughly circular feature. The color of the fill was a deep red, unlike any of the other contexts that appeared after removing context 509. Filled a regular steep cut in 2 courtyard surfaces under the last courtyard surface (509)

observations:
Only two fragments from XIII-XIV centuries


desc_brief:
Black ashy soil in east section of courtyard

description:
Dimensions are 21 cm N-S X 24 cm E-W and approximately 12 cm in depth; black ashy loam. Context 527 extends under large stone (Context 532) to the south. Filled irregular cut in 2 surfaces under the last courtyard surface [509]

observations:
Only 5 datable fragments of ceramics recovered, one from XIII-XIX centuries.


description:
Series of large, irregular, reasonably flat stones/slabs covering the fill of Tomb 4, expecially at the SE end of the tomb. May have been some traces of lime, as Larissa Sedikova describes above Tomb 3. Mortar found between stones. Soil was of a similar consistancy to context 509.

observations:
Whole area seams to be largely disturbed by bomb, not helped by lack of excavation supervision.


desc_brief:
Gray/black ashy layer in NE  and SW end of room 32

description:
Two ashy patches, in the North and south of the room seperated by a hogback  of bedorck. The ashy deposits contain metallurgical debris inclusions, pottery, tile, and bone. The Northern patch is approximately 60 cm in diameter and roughly circular, built up against a wall of the bedrock. The southern patch is roughly 1m by 1.5 m and contained similar finds. Soil is fine silt-loam , black. Same as CH04SR0460; see last years context sheet for more details; In South East half of the Room almost non-existent over bedrock to center of the room deeper, cut hearth features in from of stairs I East corner.

observations:
Same context given to the fill of several discrete pits. Material appeared the same and isolation didn't seem necessary.


desc_brief:
Brown earth packing in SE end of room 32

description:
Compact silt-loam with stone flecks. Included ceramics, tile, bone, wood, and glass. Sheds and tiles noted on edge. Compact fill of bedrock cuts, contains decayed bedrock, tiles, sherds, nails, bones, etc. Very hard, bonded to bedrock. 25-70 cm deep.

observations:
Picked through lower levels for expediency. Took paleobotanical samples every 25 cm vertically.


description:
Flat, smooth rock 50 by 30 cm, approximately 20 cm high in the east corner of room 32

observations:
Rock sat atop context 354, sea grass was visible directly below it, the remainder of the floor was sampled for paleo botany.


desc_brief:
Dark ashy soil in NE section of courtyard

description:
Dark gray brown ashy soil; 65 X 60 cm N-S/E-W, depth no more than 5 cm; silty with a small gravel; contained industrial debris/metal slag. Filled an irregular cut in surface under last courtyard surface

observations:
Possibly related to context 525, probably an extension of context 525 and in between the two has already been removed [Adam doubts this interpretation]. Context [530] did not extend very deep approximately 5 cm. Only 3 datable fragments recovered. Context only recognizable after rainy day.


desc_brief:
Dark ashy iron rich patch in SW part of unexcavated area of room 32

description:
Ashy patch in West corner of unexcavated portion of room 32. Soil is a black to dark-grey fine silt-loam, with metal working debris included. Irregular circle with projecting line near 2004 section. Lies in floor in front of stairs to courtyard.

observations:
Discrete area within context 460 isolated to investigate posssible hearth feature. The preliminary identification was the investigation of a possible hearth bottom, identified by Chris Salter. Upon articulation, no interfaces or structure could be identified, and the unit should be amalgamated with context 460.


desc_brief:
Stone positioned by the door between courtyard and room 32


desc_brief:
Cut for the modern trench (for electric cable)

description:
Trapezoid (in section) trench parallel to NE edge of the excavation area. Partially destroys wall, cuts down below the street level; runs whole length of excavation, about 80 cm wide at top, with sides narrowly as cut goes deeper; at least 75 cm deep (not fully excavated)

observations:
The cut was separated as a specific context only after finding the cable under the stones.


desc_brief:
Fill of the modern trench for electric cable down NE side of Stenopos.

description:
Loose Grey/Brown Soil with yellow pebble sand, ceramics, tile, stones, bones. Fills the trench along the NE side of the Stenopos from the N corner of the excavation; depth at least 70 cm (not excavated comletely)

observations:
The fill and a cut were separated as a specific context only after the finding of the cable under the stones. Before that, material mixed with material from collapse on Stenopos.


desc_brief:
Wall closing off room 28 from room 32 - later blocking


description:
Fallen stones of big and small dimensions (10cm to 50cm max length). Most of the large stones are dressed quarry blocks. Stones are mixed with gray soil, several tiles, pottery, glass; the layer extended all over the room, abutting the outside wall and the stairs of W corner. Along one side of the room this layer seemed to contain a deposit of mud plaster that might have originally been applied to the surface of one of the walls

observations:
Several ashlar blocks are visible in the surface. It is possible to see some courses of the fallen walls. The surface of the context is characterized by a wide and deep depression next to SW side.The column (SF 2867) was parallel to 264 and alligned with other ashlars layng in the same direction. The stones were mixed with a high number of tiles; some of those  were characterized by marks, one of which could be dated to the XIII century. Most of the datable material is made up of amphorae and table ware, which provide a date range from the IX to the XIII century. NB: some of the photos of this room (555-557) show the layer in the process of excavation, with material from between its upper and lower horizons


description:
Wall abutting 264 and 521 in the corner formed by these. It is composed mostly of ashlar blocks of large dimensions, especially in its SW extent.


description:
Orange/yellow mottled clay with brown, extending over the majority of the surface of the courtyard; thin (varying from approx 10-20 cm in depth) compact layer [with a gravely] consistency; this context only partially covered context 550

observations:
The first topo for this context extends over the entire courtyard, but it doesn’t extend that far. The topo was corrected/re-shot. Did a running section.


description:
The fill of the tomb is composed of grayish brown to dark grayish brown sandy soil with smal lumps.  Also there are larger stones and remains of mortar.  The bones in the upper part of the tomb are disarticulated.  Fourteen skulls were found in SW corner of the tomb, 10 skulls lined up in two rows of 5. One partially articulated skeleton found - left side of body along NW side of tomb.

observations:
Bomb damage in this area of church may have disturbed remains here even further. This context may equal context number 552.


description:
Appx. 55 x 85 cm generally circular pit feature. Filled with loose grey-ashy fine silt-loam.

observations:
Possibly the same as context 460. Relationship between the two was obscured by excavation. Material isolated due to stratigraphic uncertainty.


desc_brief:
Black ashy soil in western section courtyard

description:
A 50 cm (N-S) X 25 cm (E-W) and approximately 12 cm in depth. black ashy soil that contains a lot of small pieces <1 cm of charcoal. Filled somewhat irregular cut in 2 surfaces under last courtyard surface (509).

observations:
Was located below two large stones that were left for a spell (Allyson mapped them on her plan) because it was thought they may be related to the metal working activities or a floor? Only two datable fragments of pottery, one dated to IX-XI centuries and one dated to XII-XIX centuries.


description:
Stone slabs defining the limit of the tomb on the north, west and partially east side of the tomb. NW wall of tomb was built against an earlier wall to NW, reducing amount of space. Floor of tomb is partially one large slab (part of it was found broken and upturned), partially cut and leveled bedrock. Large head stone with plastering, irregular foot with blocks set edge on, no good limits to SE, perfaps because of bomb disturance.

observations:
No consistant supervisor in this area - documentation and some aspects of excavation (esp.finding limits) not fully developed.


desc_brief:
Dry stone masonry wall between room 38 and stenopos


desc_brief:
Cut filled by context 522 in south section of courtyard

description:
The cut of context 522; approximately 90 NW/SE X 70 cm NE/SW, depth 8-10 cm. Irregular, slightly triangular cut with sloping edges, smooth bottom surface


desc_brief:
Cut of context 524 in west section of courtyard

description:
Cut that extends into the profile of the unexcavated portion of the courtyard. The cut is irregular! Approximately 55 cm N-S and 40 cm E-W and 25 cm in depth. The edges are also irregular, some gently/some steep sloping and the bottom surface is [roughly] uneven.

observations:
After cleaning the profile it appears that 524 is connected/associated with context 587, however the cuts of these two contexts are distinct.


desc_brief:
Cut of context 525 in center of courtyard

description:
The cut was not uniform and difficult to discern at times. The bottom/floor cut is into the bedrock, it is two-tiered with yet another cut in the NW corner of the bottom tier. This last cut, approximately 10 cm in diameter and 15-20 cm in depth, looks like a possible posthole. This last cut was filled with black organic soil void of artifacts. Dimension of cut [outline] is approximately 1.2 M (E-W) X 2 M (N-S)

observations:
See context forms for SR 525, 563, 723 for additional information


description:
Circular cut approximately 20 cm in diameter at top and 25 cm in depth. Steep sloping edges with a rounded bottom surface.


desc_brief:
Cut of context 527 in east section of courtyard

description:
Irregular cut that is extending under the large stone (context 532) in the east section of the courtyard. Dimensions of the cut are approximately 25 cm in diameter; with moderately slooing walls [edges] and an irregular floor surface.


desc_brief:
Cut filled by context 530 in NE section of courtyard

description:
Roughly circular cut approximately 60 cm in diameter and 6 cm in depth to the north of context 525. Uneven bottom surface with very slightly sloping edges.


description:
A loose brown soil that extends over the majority of the excavated portion of the courtyard. This context goes all the way down to bedrock in the east portion of the courtyard. However, it becomes much more compact in this area. Color and composition stay the same, maybe a little more clayey towards the bottom. Depth of context varies form less than 5 cm to 20 cm.

observations:
possibly a surface? No preliminary results from Ana (i.e. datable ceramics)


description:
Approximately 85 x 55 cm roughly circular feature, partially set into the bedrock, filled with context 540 and cut into context 461. Contained high density of metallurgical debris.

observations:
Possibly connected with context 460. It was difficult to say certainly whether a connection exist, because the delineation was obscured. Though in the excavators opinion it is likely.


description:
Light-brown soil with a big amount of tile. Also includes ceramic, bones fragments, slag big pieces of charcoal & burnt wood; two large pieces of burnt wood found near Rm 36 - one was lifted in a block, one sampled; collapse also covered a human skeleton in same area.

observations:
This context was cut with two modern trenches. Identified coins are all Roman or early Byzantine


description:
Compact stoney level with a lot of bones, fragments of tile, ceramics. Has a sloping down from the NW to SE. In the SE part has a several flat rocks in it - cover for box-drain  which goes from the SW wall to the corner of the next block crossing the surface.


description:
Context was unified fill containig large rocks, plaster, sherds, human and animal bone. Fill was devided into layers for purposes of human bone recording.

observations:
No supervisor oversaw the excavation of the entire context. This context may equal 539.


desc_brief:
Cut for fill of context 541 in western courtyard

description:
Dimensions of cut are approximately 50 X 30 cm and 10 cm in depth; irregular shape with slightly sloping edges and an irregular bottom surface.


desc_brief:
Pit in 519 (W. Wall), fill of cut 556, room 33

description:
Semi circular feature filled with a loose  grey-black fine-silt-loam filling semi-circular feature along North West wall. Contained little metallurgical debris, but usual amount of ceramic and bone. 55 cm in diameter, 30 in radius, 15 cm deep.

observations:
Each pit bisected. Single filling episode.


desc_brief:
Pit in 519 (E. Corner of Room 33), fill of pit  557, room 33

description:
Grey-brown fine-silt-loam, loose ashy soil, approximately 60 cm in diameter, feature is generally circular. Visibly filled with metallurgical debris.

observations:
Feature was bisected and rough section was drawn and photographed. Section is in excavators note book.


description:
Series of semi-circular cuts, probably disturbed by pithos area. Other pits are move irregular.

observations:
Ashy material only covered half of the depression, probably due to construction of pithos support.


desc_brief:
Cut of 555 in E. Corner of room 33, in floor of 519

description:
Generally circular cut over partially modified bedrock. 90 cm x 80 cm oval approximately  40 cm deep.

observations:
Heath bottom, context 589 was micro-topoed. Cut continued into baked and compacted material from fill 519.


description:
Rectilinear construction built of well dressed fitted stones, markedly different from other tombs built on this site. Coursed masonry, plastered. NE-SW direction. Inner dimensions 2.20 x 0.78 m. Outer dimensions are 2.64 x 1.24 m. Bottom was cut in bedrock.

observations:
Given preliminary date (6th-7th century) is based on supposition that cut in bedrock and its fill (con. no. 669 and 670) are in direct connection with building of tomb construction.


desc_brief:
Thick wall along NE edge of insula at East end


desc_brief:
Rough stone construction, possible stairs support along NW wall of rom 38

description:
Costruction made up of 7 piles of rubble stones set in double course abutting 521.


description:
The remains of a human skeleton. The skeleton is situated between the tiles of the collaps of the building and the pebbled surface of the street. Under and around the skeleton there are traces of ash and charcoal, some of the bones show traces of burning. The skeleton shows that the dead person were lying on its back with the right arm  raced and bend  towards the face. The left arm is missing. The legs are parted and knees are bend. The bone of the left leg is broken. The skull has been crushed and is almost unregonizable. Points are taken for the context extent.

observations:
The left arm of the skeleton is missing, maybe this was moved in the previous excavation season when the first part of the skeleton was found.


description:
see context sheet from 2004 for description


desc_brief:
Semicircular ashy patch in room 33, fill of cut  568

description:
Semicircular ashy patch in west quadrant of Room 33. approximately 30 cm in diameter. Contained tile, ceramic, bone, and metallurgical debris. Characterized by a dark grey fine silt-loam. Soil is a loose dark gray, contains inclusions of ceramics, bone, metal, and metallurgical debris. Very little tile.

observations:
Feature was bisected, while excavated, no stratigraphy or features discerned. Feature was micro-topoed


description:
Orange/light clayey compact fill just north of context 563. Dimensions are approximately 1.2 (N-S) X 1.4 (E-W) M and is 8-10 cm in depth. Context had very little in the way of artifacts except for tile.

observations:
Conspicuosly few ceramics and bone compared to other contexts. According to the preliminary results from datable ceramics, the context is dated to the IX to XI centuries, however all of the fragments/sherds are very small. No fragments from the XII to XIX centuries were recovered.


desc_brief:
Dark brown fill North of context 525 in courtyard

description:
Dark grayish brown ashy soil that extends (lips) around the N/NW side of context 525; with large amounts of industrial debris. Dimensions excavated were approximately 30 cm (N-S) X 80 (E-W) and 20 cm in depth [see sketch on back of context sheet from SR525 and SM notebook pg. 21b]. Fills regular cut, though some confusion between contexts 525 and 563, see notes below and associated context sheets.

observations:
This context probably extended south into area that was excavated as context 525, in other words, what was bagged as context 525 probably [likely] has artifacts that belong to context 563. However, that bagged as 563 should be just that. Ceramic and tile dates from 1st century BC to XIII century AD.


description:
Very dark brown, circular feature of which the dimensions are approximately 1.65 (N-S) X 1.5 (E-W) Meters and 25 cm in depth. Artifacts were consistent with surrounding contexts. Filled regular circular cut in final 2 surfaces and above bedrock.

observations:
Context was not particularly recognizable until after rain day, then it was very distinct. Preliminary results of datable ceramics from Ana not in yet.


desc_brief:
Layer of clay in cistern (4.60m from the beginning of the well)

description:
Layer of olive yellow cllay, mixed with soil ,with inclusions of pebbles, small pieces of charcoal.Also this context consists of stones in the clay.

observations:
On the surface of 565 context we founded dog skeleton.In the depth 6,4m we desided to delay excavations of the well to next season.


description:
Beaten earth surface that extends over the entire room (see also 2004 record for same context). Soil primarily composed of clay with widespread inclusions of small pieces of charcoal and little white stones (calcined?), mixed with bones and pottery.

observations:
The removing of the context has shown some aligned stones between wall 398 and wall 264, following the same direction of 398. Yet, this "wall" is drop out towards NW respect to 398. [that is, the line of this wall is  out of alignment with 398, running parallel but about 25cm to the NW] [dating material: rho-omega coin of 13th c.; large quantity of 12th-13th c. pottery, both amphorae and glazed ware]


desc_brief:
Rough stone construction in SE section of room 33 parallel to wall 298

description:
Rough stone construction , possibly and earlier wall in the S. E. corner of room 33. Walling stones in irregular pile leaning against bedrock drop-off in 33, intermixed with bone, cermaics, and plaster fragments.

observations:
Feature cleaned and removed, by layer, no discrete orientation discerned. Clarification per ATR. Top course looks to preferentially oriented, as such by chance it looks like the course of a wall. Lower layers were not coursed, the feature, was filled with voids, and the stones were not aligned vertically or horisontally, save the top row.


description:
Depression approximately 8 cm deep and 30 cm in diameter cut in 519. Cut into 519, regular shape, steep sides, clear limits


description:
Layer characterized by an high concentration of tiles, of which the most part laid  flat. Mixed with gray soil and  few stones; pottery, few inclusions of charcoal. In one case a piece of around 3 cm (sample 356). Next to the walls the tiles were mixed with seagrass (sample 368). It is extended all over the room abutting structures around. The surface is higher along the edges of the room. It is recorded a depression (?) next to 536 and 559.


desc_brief:
Dark brown soil along north wall in courtyard

description:
Loose dark brown soil [fill] that extends east-west across the north wall (wall #49). Dimensions are approximately 4.2 M E-W along wall [49] and from 90 (western-most distance) to 30 (eastern-most distance) cm (N-S). Filled regular cut through at least one surface all the way to bedrock.

observations:
Preliminary results of datable ceramics from Ana not in yet.

dating_elements:
Roman redware, byzantine and late hellenistic black slipware


description:
Loose brown soil with inclusions (pottery, tile fragments, animal bones and smaller stones). On NE side edge of this fill is irregular cut in bedrock, SE edge is stone construction of Tomb 5, on SW side large head stone of Tomb 4 and on NW side stone slabs (context number 719). We didn't excavate this context completellt for it goes below stone slabs (connection with 669) and also towards SW - below head stone of Tomb 4. But in excavated section we came to bedrock. Dimensions are 1m (NW) x 0.80m (SW) x 1.20m (SE) and irregular on NE side.

observations:
This context is good for dating and probably equals con.no. 669. Maybe it is connected with building og Tomb 5. Context is not closed.

dating_elements:
Globular amphorae with comb like decoration - 6th century AD


desc_brief:
Loose brown soil in N corner, below 519, in room 33


desc_brief:
Fill of hole in SW wall of Tomb 5 where part of stone is missing


desc_brief:
Cut for fill of 570 along North wall in courtyard

description:
Cut that extended across the area south of wall #49. Dimensions are 4.2 M (E-W) across courtyard along wall and depth of cut ranges from approximately 1 M to 35 cm. Cut extended to, but did not penetrate, bedrock; was regular with steep sloping edges.


desc_brief:
Layer of soft grayish soil in East and South part of room 37

description:
Soft greyish soil with inclusions of pebbles , small stones, many animal bones, large quantities of pottery, distinct (at least in excavation) from material at same level on other side of removed wall

observations:
may have been equal to 596; DVD thinks different, on the basis of the finds; cxt sheet reads "some chance that distinction between 575 and 596 is artificial -- no clear limit observed"


desc_brief:
Circular ashy patch in W part of excavated area of courtyard

description:
Dark grayish brown ashy loam, of which the dimensions are circular and approximately 1 M (N-S) X 95 cm (E-W) and 3 cm in depth. Filled small upper part of a larger cut of two adjacent contexts (577 and 578) and a lower surface (550).

observations:
Top layer of a darker black soil feature, fill? Over half of the datable ceramics, 8 sherds, are from XII-XIX centuries.


desc_brief:
Loose brown soil with medium size stones in W courtyard

description:
Loose dark gray brown soil with concentration of medium-sized (approximately 20-30 cm in diameter) stones. Dimensions are  1.4 M (N-S) X 1.7 M (E-W) and approximately 40 cm in depth. Context is located just south of the trench for wall #49 and in the western part of the courtyard, extends into the profile

observations:
Less than half of the datable ceramics from XII-XIV centuries and the majority of the sherds are from the IX-XI centuries, there are no glazed wares (XII-XIII centuries).


desc_brief:
Compact grayish brown clayey soil in W courtyard

description:
Small compact gray layer, clayey composition, extending into west profile. Dimensions are approximately 70 cm (N-S) X 55 cm (E-W) and 18 cm in depth. Layer is situated on top of bedrock, just S of context 576 and doesn’t appear to extend into the profile.

observations:
Only 1 fragment from IX-XI century and 6 fragments from earlier contexts.


description:
Brown-grey soil with a tile fragments. Includes also bones, ceramics, metal fragments; charcoal & burnt wood, especially outside Rm28; extends at irregular fall down into road from wall of insula 2-3 m, not present on SE side of street; at E corner of block, under wall collapse, covers a bronze bucket apparently left on the street.


desc_brief:
Layer of tiles and articulated vessels in room 38

description:
Articulated vases and spread fragmented tiles, flattened on a claysh and compact surface, mixed with these  bits of charcoal and ash, that make the soil dark-gray. It is extended in the E side of the room.


desc_brief:
Cut of modern trench going in NE-SW direction in Stenopos

description:
The cut for a trench: 0,5 m depth, trapezoid shape. Goes from NE to SW edge of the excavation site. Same as a lag cut (for drain/water management) running through areas excavated in 2002 in Rms 24,25,37,Courtyard; see CH02 documentation.


desc_brief:
Faced dry-stone wall between room 29 and courtyard


desc_brief:
Faced dry-stone wall between room 32 and courtyard


desc_brief:
Collapse of wall 298 by east outer corner of room 33

description:
Brown soil with a several stones; stones are medium-large, may with cut faces,seem to be fallen directly from the wall at this corner; layer mixed with the fill; lower reaches, suggesting rapid collapse.


description:
See context sheet for CH04. Lower layer of hearth more or less followed outline of upper layer, although the spread of reddish burnt soil was somewhat wider; deposit was very thin, 2-4cm max. The upper part of the hearth visible in the last surface of the room was more or less round; this layer was slightly more oval; and the layer of orangish burnt soil below was more or less oval in form

observations:
Ceramic dates from 2004 indicate a 13th c. date for this surface (fragments of green-glazed jugs)


description:
Pile of wall size stones, appx. 1m x 1.6m in N. corner of Room 33. Stones are intermingled with tile and wall plaster. Dense fill or packing. Subsequent excavation made it cleat that this is a more compact layer of fill, possibly from a earlier wall.

observations:
Material directly overlies contexts 636 and 630. Context has high plaster density, localized to this area particularly. Based on finds with and, directly underneath rock layer, considered same as 519.


desc_brief:
Black soil/fill of a pit underneath context 576 in W courtyard

description:
Very black organic silty loam approximately 1 M (N/S) X 90 cm (E/W) and 10 cm in depth with a moderate amount of metal recovered. Filled lower part and composed the majority of cut 588, which cut 2 adjacent contexts (577 and 578) and a lower surface (550) and rested on bedrock.

observations:
After cleaning the profile it appears that context 587 is connected/associated with context 524. The preliminary datable ceramics list only 2 fragments from the XIII-XIV centuries.


desc_brief:
Cut of contexts 576 and 587 in western section of courtyard

description:
Dimensions of the cut are 1 M X 95 cm and approximately 15 cm in depth. Regular cut with moderately sloping edges and the bottom surface/interface was bedrock.

observations:
After cleaning the profile it appears that 587 is connected/associated with context 524, however the cuts of these two contexts are distinct. See the profile drawn by Peter [25.VII.05].


desc_brief:
Bottom of hearth feature con. 555, cut of 557 in E corner of 33.

description:
Very compact, ash-rich floor of feature 555. Dark brown black soil, with very smooth, hard surface rich in metallurgical debris, which is intermingled with the floor surface. Both primarily Ferous, and cuperous slag material noted in surface. Distinct smooth surface, with 2 semi circular depressions.

observations:
Feature was troweled and traced, small picked when necessary. Microtopographical surface recorded.


desc_brief:
Cut for fill of context 564 in S courtyard

description:
Circular cut approximately 1.5 M X 1.5 M, it only extends to approximately 25 cm in depth before it reaches bedrock. The edges are steeply sloped and the bottom surface is a 'relatively' (compared to bedrock in rest of courtyard) level bedrock.


description:
Layer of burning in SW part of room 37. Soft dark soil with ash, small pieces of charcoal. No finds. Irregular limits, seems to fill slight depression in contemporary ground surface, ca. 4cm thick; clearly visible in section

observations:
some overexcavation of edge; cxt sheet indicates a sample for flotation, but no such sample is recorded in the register (missing sample in storeroom?)


description:
Soft ashy soil in NE part of room 37; extends along wall between 37 and 31a/30, NE edge of room; composed of gray ashy soil and orange burnt soil, irregular form, limit not distinct, seems to be uppermost layer in N corner of room

observations:
pottery dating is 13th c, but not enough material for certain conclusions; in 2006, no longer clear where, exactly, 3195 was found (later date, no survey data)


desc_brief:
Tile fill in bottom layer of pit in N courtyard

description:
Dark brown soil with a concentration of tile, and comparatively little else in the way of artifacts. Dimensions [at definition] are approximately the same as context 562, except that context 593 extends a little to the east and south and it is approximately 12-14 cm in depth, covering bedrock.

observations:
Preliminary dates have one fragment of amphorae from XIII-XIV centuries and only five other datable fragments (all earlier). Tiles that were dated also spanned V-XIII centuries. Only four fragments of tile and one fragment of amphorae from XII-XIV centuries, maybe [possibly] due to intrusion, because context 562 covers 593 and is more confidently dated to IX-XI centuries.


desc_brief:
Greyish brown soil with green inclusions in S courtyard + extension

description:
Dark grayish compact brown soil (loam) with green inclusions that covers most of the southern courtyard and courtyard extension.

observations:
Proportionately more diagnostic pieces of ceramics (rims, handles,…) but compared to the quantity of other layers less overall. In other words, compared to other layers of similar size and extent context 594 had less ceramics in number, but it had many diagnostic fragments.


desc_brief:
Concentration of pebbles and tiles next to N corner of room 38

description:
Concentration of pebbles and little and spread fragment of tiles mixed with loose and gray soil. It is a quandrangular area (1 m NE/SW and 0,50 m NW/SE) placed near to north corner, abutting the walls.

observations:
Foun a little fragment of mudplaster (sample 429) equal to 537 for composition and texture.


desc_brief:
Layer of grayish brown soil in NW part of room 37

description:
Layer of soft grayish brown soil with inclusions of small stones. 15-20cm in depth; the layer is spread all over the NW part of room 37; pottery is mixed, includes glazed pottery

observations:
latest datable material is ceramics of 13th c., but large amount of earlier material including a Roman coin of the second half of the 4th c. AD (SF 3172)


desc_brief:
Layer of loose yellow soil in Main street by the door to room 28

description:
The layer of loose yellow soil with the pieces of yellow concretions. Mixed with the black ashy soil and in some places covers it. Also includes traces of charcoal and burned plaster present only in area of door between the street & Rm28.

observations:
Treated as moderninvasion  in 2004, but probably intact, associated with doorway.


desc_brief:
Cut of contexts 593 and 562 in N courtyard

description:
Circular cut approximately 1.2 M (N-S) X 1.4 M (E-W) and 20-25 cm in depth. The cut has gradually sloping edges with a fairly even bottom surface (for bedrock).

observations:
Because of the way that context 593 extends to the east (see plans) it may be that 593 and 562 were from different cuts. At definition it appeared that these two contexts had the exact same dimensions.


description:
Almost trapezoidal posthole placed on north side of channel of the pit (601). Dimension: 0,35 x 0,25 cm.


description:
Almost rectangular post-hole placed on south side of the entrance to the pit (601). Dimension:25 x 30 x 23 cm.


description:
Cut placed next to 559 and 536, made up of squared edeges in SW and semicircular in the NE. Along the SE edge there is a squared shaped entrance (width 0,58 m; long 0,90 m) perpendicular to the edge of the pit, at SW of which a stepped cut (footstep 0,18 m; vertical 0,17 m).The space formed by the cut (2,23 m x 1,04 m).


desc_brief:
Bottom surface/ beaten earth in the pit 601 in room 38

description:
Trampling surface made up by bitten brownish gray soil,concave at the centre of the pit, mixed with bits of white stones and fragmented bits of charcoal. It fills all over the space of the pit but nex to the SW and NE side, it was intercepted two "channel".It is composed by a thin layer of eroded bedrock.

observations:
Part of the context was made up of layer of eroded limestone (as 622). For the high concentration of pottery and bones, considering the extension of the layer and its thickness (around 20 cm), it could be considered as the last moment of the use of the pit as dump. The itself context could be considered a dumping, but the bitten surface and its characteristic concave shape mean a changing of the use of the pit to recover likely animals. The datable material moves from  IX to XIV century, constituted mostly by amphorae (the most part of XII-XIV century) and table ware (IX - XII century).


description:
Compact soil - with brown-grey color. Includes bones, ceramics, tile fragments. In 2005, was found to cover most of room except for the area along the SW wall excavated in 2004 -- although it may have originally been present there, as well; thin deposit 3-5cm deep, directly over bedrock in several places in the center of the room and near the door to room 31a.  Near the area of the hearth, between it and the E corner, we found most of an articulated vessel crushed into the floor; another articulated vessel was also found in this floor. Several stones had been placed level with the surface of the floor in the N corner and along the NE wall

observations:
Very, very little paleobotanical material recovered from any of the samples taken. Good ceramic evidence for a date in the 13th c.


desc_brief:
Cut of a channel around pit 601 in room 38

description:
Channel around the border of the pit placed along the NE side, filled by very loose dark brown soil  rich of bits of charcoal, concentrated along the border of the pit.


desc_brief:
Mottled clay above bedrock in N courtyard

description:
Heavily mottled clay with red, green, grey, white, and yellow inclusions; compact! And concentrated in the NE part of the courtyard. Extends the length of wall 31 getting more narrow as it extends south.

observations:
I thought this context was right above bedrock, but apparently it goes at least a little deeper than expected; nonetheless it is above bedrock. The shape may be related to a wall trench but its hard to tell. Approximately half of the material from the preliminary datable ceramics are from IX-X centuries. *good for dating


desc_brief:
Compact clayish surface in NW part of room 38


description:
Dry stone wall damaged by removal the stones for reuse as building material. Direction : NE-SW ; length - 2,5 m; height - 40-50 cm; 70-40 cm in width. One course of stones remains. Located ca. 35cm from and parallel to the NW section wall of our trench in this area


desc_brief:
Compact plaster area in N part of W wing inroom 31

description:
Very compact white  plaster ("mortar"), extended in the north side, next to the staircase. It is charaterized by linear limit on south parallel to the wall (visible widht 0,56 m) and an irregular cut by 705 on the SW side.


desc_brief:
Compact soil with ceramic inclusions in the E wing of room 31

description:
Very compact light brownish gray soil,made up of clay soil and granular stones and pottery, on which surface some flatten fragment of vassels lay.


desc_brief:
Compact light brown soil in S corner of W wing in room 31

description:
Very compact brownish soil with low concentration of inclusions (prevalently pottery and little stones).


desc_brief:
Remains of wall which is almost in line with 398 in room 31

description:
Wall placed between the W and the E wing. It is constituted by a double course of rubble stones on north and a squared block on south (0,95 x 0,40 x 0,30 m) aligned in SW/NE direction as wall 398, but projecting from it 0,40 m towards W. The squared block is abutted to 398 and it is not connected with the north part;between them there is a hiatus, in this we have intercepted the bedrock on which the squared block seems to lay.


desc_brief:
Soil with stones and ceramics inclusions in W wing of room 31

description:
Loose-ashy gray soil mixed with an high density of bones, pottery, stones of little dimensions (5-15 cm) extended in the W side of W wing.


desc_brief:
Cut for post hole next to N corner of room 38

description:
Quadrangular posthole (0,15 x 0,15) filled by 609, close to the N corner. Along the edges traces of carbonized wood. It is recorded: along 521 a filling of stones, along 257 a bedrock cut.

observations:
The traces of carbonized wood along the edges dispels any doubt this feature is a post hole.


description:
Cut with irregular edges in semicircular shape, placed in north corner and bordered by 521 and 257. Dimension: 0,70 x 0,60.


description:
Filling of 608 and 613, made up of loose and brownish soil mixed with few bits of limestone, fragment of tiles and bones (low density).

observations:
It was not found enouth pottery for an exact datation of the context.


desc_brief:
Compact soil surface in SE part of room 38

description:
Compact soil, extended all over the SE part ofe the room. Made up of  gray soil along the borders and brownish-dark gray soil at the center, where the burnt beams (580) laid.The soil is mixed with bits of charcoal, pottery, tiles at low concentration.

observations:
The surface is exentended at E of a bedrock bench, that divides the room in two distinct areas.


description:
Irregular upper fill of depressions and level changes in the bedrock under room 30, especially along the NW wall; it consists primarily of small stones and small, chalky fragments of limestone pressed into a compact layer with very little other material; it is particularly visible in two connected patches, one on either side of the door to room 31a; along its longest axis, it extends for ca. 3.5m, and is between 2cm and 7-8cm in thickness (thicker where it covers underlying holes and depressions)

observations:
Plan for this layer and sketch of same in AS notebook do not match -- plan probably needs to be corrected


desc_brief:
Fill of soil with inclusions under stone fill in center of room 30

description:
Grey loose grainy soil with inclusions of limestone crumb, ceramic, tile fragments, charcoal; fills bedrock cut or depression in SW/central side of room 30 -- roughly circular, ca. 30cm deep in deepest area; located under 611, but its limits are wider than those of the layer above


desc_brief:
Floor level in NW part of room 37 behind the wall 607

description:
Hardened ground floor behind the wall 607, in front of the NW section wall of the trench; solid brownish layer with small stones, pieces of pottery of small size, ca. 15cm deep; seems to extend under wall 607

observations:
DVD feels that this surface extends below wall 607, in which case that wall may be later -- ceramic evidence for this layer includes material from the 13th c., though a very small number of fragments; given the stratigraphic situation and the good evidence for dating both the surface inside 37 and wall 607 to the 6th c. AD, this material is probably contamination if the wall in fact covers the surface


description:
Well-built wall of rubble limestone with earthen mortar, large (reused?) cut masonry blocks as quoins and doorjambs, faced on both sides, with evidence of a wooden sleeper beam on both sides of the wall (visible on the interior, partially collapsed on the room 31a side); bonds with walls on either side and with doorsill of door placed roughly in the center of the wall, opposite the door in the SE wall of the room


desc_brief:
Dry stone wall with dormiente between rooms 30 and 31


desc_brief:
Dry stone wall w/large blocks, damaged, between room 33 and plateia


desc_brief:
Floor 2 in room 37 in SW part of room 37, under 591

description:
Floor of hardened brownish soil with ash inclusions. On the top of 620 in SW corner of room 37 was a large quantity of mollusc shells, concentrated in area next to edge of pit and apparently sitting on the surface of this layer. Occupied area in SW corner left by central pit, irregular limits, maximum extent ca. 1.5, max 20cm deep, less in places.

observations:
original cxt sheet indicated that layer covered 693, but probably incorrect on basis of position of layer (693 in opposite corner)


desc_brief:
Dark brownish loose soil in pit 601, NW side of room 38

description:
very loose ashy dark brown soil, with incusions of bits of charcoal, mixed with pottery and bone at high conecentration. It is extended on the NE side of the pit and fill a depression formed by 645.


desc_brief:
Soil with inclusions of eroded bedrock in pit 601, NW side of room 38

description:
Surface at the sentral area of the pit, extended crossly to the extension of  aforementioned pit. Made up of eroded bedrock, which characterizes the white color of the layer, mixed with brown soil, bones fragments of tiles and pottery at high concentration. Its thikness is around 5-8 cm.

observations:
The layer is the same as that was found during the removal of 602. The brown bitten earth of this was made up of eroded bedrock. For this reason it could be considered as part of the 602.


description:
Loose brown soil void of artifacts just west of [where] context 525 [was]. Dimensions are approximately 25  X 18 cm and 12 cm in depth. The definiton at surface was missed by excavator, but it appears to be kidney bean shaped.

observations:
Excavator had the fill dug out before we could define or photo it. It is almost certainly a cultural cut and not formed by natural processes.


description:
Regular cut, slightly rectangle(ish) [kidney-bean shaped] dimensions are approximately 25 X 18 cm and 12 cm in depth; steep edges with a somewhat even bottom surface.


desc_brief:
Fill of trench for wall 265 foundation, SE part of room 37

description:
Fill of trench for wall foundation; direction : NW-SE, length :1,2 - 1,3 m, 30 cm  wide; soft medium brown soil with small stones and inclusions of clay.

observations:
This fill is very similar to 596 in consistency. Pottery gives a date in the 12-13th c., but not enough material for certain conclusions


desc_brief:
Cut of trench for wall 265 foundation, SE part of room 37

description:
Cut for trench for wall foundation; direction: NW - SE, length: 1,2 m ; 20-30 cm in wide; 15-20 cm in depth.

observations:
this trench may also have cut floor 620 (the second floor of this area), but the relationship was not noted in the E corner of the room


desc_brief:
Fill of trench for wall 499 foundation, NW part of room 37

description:
Fill of trench for wall foundation; length: 1,5 m; 20 - 30 cm  wide; 15 cm in depth. No finds.


desc_brief:
Cut of trench for wall 499 foundation, NE part of room 37

description:
Linear cut 1,75 m in length; 30 cm  wide ; 20 cm in depth; runs along the base of wall 499 in room 37


desc_brief:
Fill of organic brown soil in SW part of pit 610, NW part of room 38

description:
Very loose organic dark brown soil, mixed with pottery and bones (high concentration), placed at SE along the border of the pit


desc_brief:
Dry stone semi terrace wall between yard 1 and room 31


desc_brief:
Ash in N corner in room 33
Room 33 - ash in N corner

description:
Fine gray ash, approximately 1x 0.30 m concentration  in North corner of Room 33. Somewhat greasy surface; located in N. corner of bedrock cut in room 33. about 40 x 30 cm 2 cm deep.

observations:
Thin layer of ash. Material mixed with that of 640, remarked as seeming homogenous. May or may not cover 647. Some excavation disturbance confused relationship.


desc_brief:
Soil cut of depression 1 filled with 460 in room 32

description:
50 x 50 cm, 15 cm deep cut in context 461, circular depression, walls baked hard.


desc_brief:
Cut of depression 2  filled with 460in room 32

description:
Cut of depression filled with 354, cut into bedrock. 24 x 20 cm, 9 cm deep. Oval shape. Located under rock 529,  see reverse of sheet 631.

observations:
one of series of four pits, one cut into soil, three of which were filled with the ashy, metallurgical debris rich layer. The other which was filled with the upper floor surface (632 filled by 354), the others which were filled with 460.


desc_brief:
Cut of depression 3 filled with 460 in room 32

description:
Bedrock cut, 44 x 40 cm , 20 cm deep. Circular, filled with context 460, Seperated from depression 4  by a wall of stones.

observations:
Fill not distinquished from 460, same metallurgical debris, etc.


desc_brief:
Cut of depression 4  filled with 460 in room 32

description:
Easternmost bedrock cut, blocked from 633 by rocks. 40 cm long, partially overlaid by 32's east wall. * See sketch plan on the back of sheet (also Con. 631) for location.


description:
Soil cut into context 461, filled by context 540. Vaguely circular at appx; irregular at 40 cm across. Relatively vertical sides. Ca 15-20cm deep

observations:
Feature initiallty identified as heath, which confused the GIS bunch


description:
Compacted surface across the floor of 33, dark brown fine-silt- loam, smooth well packed surface with clear separation from  519, inclusions of charcoal, small stones, plaster frags, ceramics, and bone. Damaged in places, bedrock shows through; 4-20 cm deep.

observations:
Some of the floor surface, perhaps 15cm was removed to bedrock in the N. Corner of the unit.


desc_brief:
Clay construction covered with ash and burnt material in S corner of room 37

description:
rectilinear clay construction in S corner of room 37, with three exterior walls made of mud bricks of yellowish clay; individual bricks were ca. 5cm  wide, 20 cm in height, 35 cm in length.The construction was a short rectangle ca. 60 x 70cm, 20-35cm high, with its long axis oriented E-W; between the walls of the construction is a fill of ashy soil (638); its upper levels are level with surface 639

observations:
It is not clear whether this construction was covered by context 639 or was in fact the clay lining of a pit cut into the same context


desc_brief:
Fill of clay construction in S corner of room 37

description:
Soft ashy soil, black and white ash, filling the clay construction. 20-30 cm deep; 60 x 70 cm ; sherds of ceramic vessels both with traces of burning and without them. Near the surface of this layer, below a very thin coating of very fine white ash, was a greasy reddish-brown lens that showed traces of burning

observations:
Ceramic evidence was heterogeneous, and not sufficient in quantity for certain conclusions; it suggests, however, a 6th-7th c. date for this fill.


description:
Hard-packed earth surface, light brown with yellow inclusions; covers at least the SW half of the room from the wall of rm 30 to the section wall, but could not be followed in the NW part of the room (seems to appear under wall 607)

observations:
Ceramic evidence is heterogeneous, with many small fragments; although latest datable material is 6th-7th c., much of the material is from earlier periods. Of the two coins, one is ancient and the other is of 4th c. date (Constantine)


description:
Compact soil, 10cm think overlying bedrock shelf in W. corner of room 33; contains rocks, tiles, and animal bones in small quantities; possibly same as 654.

observations:
Ceramic material mixed with that from context 630 by pot washers, material remarked as homogenous for the 9-10th c for both contexts (640/654). Uncertain relationship with 636 -- material  is similar in date, though mixed and now not reliable. But if one looks at the photographs, it apprears that the surface of 636 sloped up, and was spilled into by the material from under the possible rock wall (654).


desc_brief:
Stone bedding/paving for bedrock depression under final floor of room 30

description:
Several stones above the hole/depression in a bedrock in the middle of the southwest half of room 30; stones filled a large, irregular, vaguely circular cut or depression and were set in a matrix of gray-brown soil

observations:
No limit or relationship between 641 and 611 identified during excavation, although 641 was clearly rockier; the two deposits probably form part of a single filling/levelling action


desc_brief:
Black ashy layer/ lense in courtyard extension

description:
Black ashy soil approximately 50 cm (E-W) X 40 cm (N-S) that extends into the N profile. Inclusions of industrial debris prominent throughout context.

observations:
The layer wasn’t assigned a cut because I don’t believe it was a prepared pit, but more likely a thin lense of metalworking debris.


desc_brief:
Fill of compact brown soil with inclusion and burnt material in pit 601 in room 38

description:
Loose dark brown soil made up of inclusions of bits of charcoal and few spread bits of eroded limestone, mixed with an high concentration of bones and pottery extended all over the space of the pit 601.


desc_brief:
Layer of soil fill in Room 30 in cut in W corner under final floor

description:
Brown soil with a lime crumb, small ceramic fragments -- extends 80 cm from NW wall of room 30 in W corner, filling a deep, irregular hole next to the wall; layer contained a ceramic vessel, from which the paleobotanical sample was collected (not mapped, but photo of ceramic vessel in situ)

observations:
Most of the material in this layer seems to have been in situ, lying on or near its upper surface. Paleobotanical sample from vessel contained two fragments of walnut shell and nothing else


desc_brief:
Compact yellowish soil in North corner of Room 33

description:
Yellow-brown compact clay-loam 63 x 75 cm located in n. corner of room 33.  Directly under ash-patch (630) in north corner of the room.

observations:
Spot heights taken, very little difference from 630. Layer appears to have partially overlaid 647.


desc_brief:
Dry stone wall, destroyed in centre, between rooms 33 and 36


desc_brief:
Structure of second hearth near door, room 28

description:
Ovoid cut or depression in floor of room 28 near door to main street, next to metal working hearth found in 2004. partially lined with stones and tile .75 x .50m, ca 20 cm deep.

observations:
Fill of this area did seem to be different from rest of floor surface, but less obvious evidence of fire/slag/metalwork debris


desc_brief:
Brown soil mottled with ash in N corner of room 33 filling cut 653

description:
Loose, ashy dark-grey-brown material, mottled with flecks of ash filling a bedrock cut . Large building stone incorporated into the fill.

observations:
Some doubt as to the relationship between 644 and 647, material of same color and inclusions, differing in consistency and compactness, was traced over the surface of 636 and into 653. Premature attempt to remove the large building stone, may have loosened up the soil in and around the cut. Not enough pottery for conclusions.


desc_brief:
Compact orangish soil with inclusions in NE part of room 30, under area of hearth

description:
Light grey compact soil with the inclusions of ceramic, tile, nail frag-s; soil is pale orange in patches, ashy, seems to preserve traces of burning; reaches depth of up to 30cm in E corner of the room, extends to NW, but boundary with grayer, rockier soil to NW not identified; unlike hearth, the outline of this soil is ellipsoidal, and its center is located somewhat to the SE of the center of the circular hearth above

observations:
Possible overexcavation along the SE side of the bedrock cut -- some lower material may have been removed at the same time; layer may also be the same (in part) as the soil that makes up the floor surface 603; note that photo documentation indicated on paper context sheet, but no documentation could be found


desc_brief:
Compact light brown layer mixed with stones in SE part of room 38

description:
Compact light brown layer mixed with loose stones, pottery and bones. It is cut (650) along the western cut of the bedrock (728)

observations:
The layer was rich of pottery and we have recorded an higher number of special finds than the trampling surface 610. So it could be that it was an earlier trampling surface.


desc_brief:
Cut along bedrock in the middle of room 38

description:
Cut of 649 width around 20 cm. Where the bedrock turns with a right angle towards SE, 650 enlarges till 40 cm with a circular shape;  then it continues towards the wall 738, where progressively  it disappeared.


desc_brief:
Fill of loose brown soil (in cut 650), room 38

description:
Loose brown soil with inclusions of bits of charcoal, pottery, tiles.


description:
Stone [levelling fill] near walls 499 and 265. 6-7 stones with soft brownish soil between. Few stones made disintegrated circle (pithos bordering?) [that is, some of the stones seem to have been arranged in a rouch circle, the outline of which is only partially preserved). Stones were 30-40 cm. on longest axis, arranged in a rough line near and parallel to  walls 499 and 265


description:
0.6 x 1.29 m semi-circular cut into the bedrock in N. corner of Room 33


desc_brief:
Possible wall structure in W corner of room 33

description:
Alignment of stones, 1 course, along lip of bedrock shelf in W, corner of the room 33. intermingled with  hard, light-brown-compact-silt-loam. Approximately 70 cm long, 15 cm high, and 20 cm wide. Inclusions include sherd, tile, bone, and metal. Includes fill material of cut 714 (probably fill associated with 661)

observations:
Soil from westernmost portions removed, revealed large circular bedrock cut, which was likely filled with the same material as 661, filling of bedrock depression where wall 281 dips down. Material from below lower course of stones, isolated to westernmost portion removed, as part of this context, though more than likely associated with 661.Possibly filled with material from 519/661. Noted glazed ware from fill of bedrock cut. Predominantly 9-10th wares, with two glazed 13th fragments.


description:
Layer of solid clay; inclusions of small pieces of charcoal, small stones. Lies under 639, about 7cm thick, running in strip about 1.6m wide all along the SW side of the excavated area, over the slabs; top elevation noted on context sheet, but does not seem to link through (mistake or missing data?)

observations:
missing spot height cannot be found in GIS -- either miscoded (but no potential small find or sample that could have been confused with a spot height) or not taken


desc_brief:
Layer under stone collapse in NE part of room 37

description:
Layer of soft brown soil under the stone collapse in NE part of room 37. This soil is covered by the stones along wall 499; it occupies roughly the same outline and is ca. 2-3 thick (deeper between slabs and spaces between the pavers covered by the stone fill)

observations:
no photos appear to have been taken of this layer, except for the georeferenced photo above


description:
Compacted soil in doorway into room 33, inclusions include packing material (stones), tile fragments, ceramics, and sherds. Hard and smooth, partially covers stone of sill into 28.

observations:
Surface topography shot in with total station; not clear if more compact general fill or deliberate beaten earth construction.


description:
Stone construction in doorway, a stoop/step. Three stones across laid in a discrete orientation, laid flat on tiles in obvious leveling action.

observations:
Packing fill beneath wall contruction removed as same context. No stratigraphic breaks between stones and bedrock.


desc_brief:
Rectangular stone surrounded with smaller ones in SE part of room 38

description:
Qudrangular block (0,50 x 0,40 m) surrounded by chips of stones fixed in 649.


description:
Solid yellowish soil (hardened clayish ground) above the slabs and bedrock in room 37. Approx. 5-7 cm in high. This layer runs under the wall between room 37 and the courtyard and under the wall at the NW edge of the trench, and is visible in profile beneath that wall. It covered most of the room, but was not present in the center where pit 430 came down to the slabs and not present along wall 499 (either removed by cuts or never present)


desc_brief:
Possible wall structure  (by wall 281) in SW part of room 33

description:
80 cm long, 35 cm high, 30 cm wide cluster of stones intermixed with brown soil. Area of compact brown fill, with rocks and tile, hard consistency, linear orietation (per ATR).

observations:
Probably the same fill as that of context 714 (filled with 654), or same fill as 519.


desc_brief:
Fill of dark grey soil with pieces of charcoal in room 30, in bottom of cut 663

description:
Brown-grey soil with bones, fish bones and charcoal; lowest level of fill in cut 663 in the center of the room (shallow cut in the bottom of the larger depression, under 612); may be the same layer as 612, since boundaries indistinct


desc_brief:
Cut for the fill 662, at the bottom of larger bedrock depression

description:
Square-like cut in bedrock 10-15 cm depth occupying SE side of large bedrock depression in the center of room 30, at its lowest point; rough square ca. 25x25cm, near the W corner of the main door

observations:
Sketch in notebook but not on context sheet


desc_brief:
Fill of brown-greyish soil in shallow cut near W wall of room 30

description:
Grey loose grainy soil with inclusions of limestone crumb, ceramic, tile, charcoal fragments; occupies the  NW end of the large central bedrock depression, opposite the


desc_brief:
Cut for the fill 664 in the central part of the SW half of room 30

description:
Square-like, 15 cm deep; 20-23 x 20-23 cm in length and wdith; edges not very distinct, cut could have been open for a long time with erosion, etc.


description:
Pavement of the floor of room/courtyard by huge slabs;one big slab in the center of room framed by 3 narrower slabs; stone seems to be local limestone, dressed only on upper side but with cuts for prybars on lower side (at least one one block that we lifted); pavement as a whole has undergone much settling, with some pavers higher than others, and has also been partially robbed; stones are ca. 15-20cm thick; pavement continues under wall 692 into the courtyard, though most are missing

dating_elements:
one pc. sigillata italica under the paving stone that was lifted


description:
Partial straight E/W cut of 618 placed at 1,60 m from S corner along the wall 399 untill the southern limit of the wall 614. The cut is high around 8 cm.


description:
Layer made up of very dark grayish brown soil mixed with loose pottery and bones (high concentration). It is extended almost all over the space, but along the border of the pit it slopes down sharply and the removal has shown the bottom of 601.

observations:
The surface is made up of soil characterized by stains of burn soil (reddish brown) with spread concentration of bits of charcoal. The spot height were shot two on the flat surface, one at the bottom of the slope of the layer.


desc_brief:
Brown soil in pit next to tomb 4, courtyard extension

description:
Distinct pit with dimensions approximately 75 cm (E-W) X 25 cm (N-S) and 40-45 cm in depth. Soil was a loose brown loam with fewer artifacts than the majority of other fills in the courtyard.

observations:
Good for dating. See sketch on back of context sheet 673 for plan.


desc_brief:
Cut for the fill 669 - courtyard extension

description:
Cut approximately 50 cm in length (E-W) and 25 cm (N-S) and approximately 40-45 cm in depth. Cut has very steep edges with a sharp bottom surface.


desc_brief:
Amorphous structure of medium sized stones near tomb 4, courtyard extension

observations:
See sketch on back of context sheet for SR 673 for sketch plan


description:
Compact floor surface, overlying the bedrock in Room 33. Inclusions include hearth features, tile, ceramics, bone, glass; medium brown soil with ashy patches, charcoal, smooth slighltly greasy in places.

observations:
Floor surface dierctly overlay bedrock. Some floral turbation visible (roots) in the S. E corner of the bedrock cut 731, between surface and bedrock. Material identified in field as 9-10th c. by LS and ATR.


desc_brief:
Heavily motted clayey layer in S courtyard + courtyard extention

description:
Brown soil with a clay layer with yellow, green, and dark inclusions. Also had several (8-12) medium sized stones (approximately 20-25 cm in length). Dimensions are 60 cm X 60 cm and approximately 8 cm in depth.

observations:
Only 3 sherds recovered, may have fallen from section.


desc_brief:
Fill of loose brown soil, possible post hole in room 33

description:
Possible post hole, in S. corner of bedrock in in room 33. Appx 3- x 35 cm inclusions include, carbonized wood, tile, nails, and little rocks.

observations:
bedrock cut is larger than surface discoloration, is surface post void, rather than post hole?-atr


description:
30x 50 cm bedrock cut, 10-12 cm deep in central  eastern portion of the room

observations:
bedrock cut does not correspond to post hole discoloration seen at surface of 672.


desc_brief:
Brown fill between NW wall 542 and context 682, courtyard


desc_brief:
Grey compact soil in E corner of room 30 under final floor

description:
Light-grey ashy soil. Loose on the top, compact and including charcoal pieces - at the bottom. Fills a cut in bedrock in the E corner of the larger bedrock cut along the NE side of room 30, ca. 10cm deep -- only present in the E part of that cut, not in the sub-cut in the N corner; directly over bedrock


desc_brief:
Beaten-earth surface in NE part of room 30, under 603 in large bedrock cut

description:
Very dark grayish-brown compact surface with a lot of very small fragments of ceramics, tiles and bones. Also includes lime crumb; very flat and smooth, about 15cm deep, located over most of area of large bedrock cut along the NE wall of room 30, but most visible in the N corner of that cut

observations:
Date provided by ceramic evidence, but only on the basis of a very small number of fragments; although the ceramics indicate a date in the 13th c. and the only coin is of the same date, the presence of the infant burial suggests that the lower surface was an occupational surface, and not simply fill, and therefore it seems probable that the date is somewhat earlier -- the coin, in fact, was found just over the surface and not below or within it, so it and the ceramics could be from the 13th c. filling activity and not from the floor itself


desc_brief:
Fill of brown loose soil with human bones in room 30

description:
Loose grey-brown soil containing human bones belonging to a fetus of probable gestational age 6-7 months

observations:
Almost all the bones of this fetus were recovered; very unusual degree of preservation -- only a few other examples of this quality from archaeological contexts


desc_brief:
Oval cut in the W corner of surface 678 in room 30

description:
An oval cut under the NW wall of Rm 30; ca. 20-25 cm. in long axis, 15-20 on short, 25cm deep, cut into early floor (?) surface of bedrock cut in room 30; contained the disarticulated bones of a 6-7 month-old fetus

observations:
Some problems with chronological sequence here if a) burial is truly cut into surface 678, and not into some surface above, and b) surface 678 is correctly dated to the 13th c. (since it could not really be a use surface on that basis)


desc_brief:
Compact yellowish brown soil with inclusions in room 31

description:
Compact yellowish brown soil with bits of limestone and charcoal at low density, mixed with a lot of pottery and few bones. The context fill 705 and another depression of 717, placed at E of the N space of 705 and next to 614.


desc_brief:
Wall parallel and North of West wall of con.no. 542, courtyard


description:
25-30cm wide, 52 cm long 'tear-drop' shaped bedrock cut or depression. Appx. 12 cm deep. Located in center of room 33. Under floor no separate fill


desc_brief:
Fill of pit/cut in bedrock in E corner of room 37

description:
The fill of a pit/cut in bedrock; soft brown soil with inclusions of pebbles; sherds of red slip ware. The fill is located under wall 693, in the E corner of the room; it was ca. 30cm deep

observations:
According to paper sheet, some possibility that this fill may have been covered by 660, the hard yellow surface over the slabs; the fill was covered by 693, the later of the two walls in this area (but was under the line 692 would also have followed), but it was also under the foundation trench of wall 265, which might explain why the datable  ceramic evidence included material from the 10th and 12th-13th centuries -- this could be contamination


description:
A circular pit/cut in bedrock, 60 cm in diameter , 30 cm in deep; half of this pit is hidden under wall 693.

observations:
Other side of 693 should be investigated to catch the other side of the pit


description:
The fill of a circular pit/cut in bedrock; soft brownish soil, no ceramic, no bones; inclusions of clay, small stones. Diameter of the fill is approx. 50cm, depth 40cm; partly covered by walls of room 30 and 31a, so not fully excavated

observations:
Not yet clear if the wall foundation that runs into the middle of this pit was placed in a trench that cut the fill of the pit, or was simply placed on top of the fill itself -- needs further investigation


desc_brief:
Cut for pit in N part of room 37 (with cuttings).

description:
A pit/cut situated 50 cm to NW of pit 685. One half of the pit is hidden under the junction between wall 499 and wall 265. The diameter of pit is 60 cm; 40 cm in depth; the interior of the pit is divided by a bedrock ridge perpendicular to the line of the walls that bisect it

observations:
Stones of walls 499 and 265 run into this pit -- not clear if that means it stood open when the wall was constructed, though that seems unlikely. Needs further investigation.


desc_brief:
Fill of pit in N corner of room 37 behind the wall

description:
Fill of a circular pit located between wall 607 and the NW section of our trench. Soft brown soil with inclusions of clay, small stones; 60 cm in diameter. Half of the pit is under the wall of excavation trench and so was not excavated.

dating_elements:
sherds of datable early Byzantine amphora


desc_brief:
Cut for pit in N corner of room 37 behind the wall

description:
A pit in bedrock ; 60-70 cm in diameter, 30 cm in deep; round shaped. Half of the pit is hidden under the wall of excavation trench. This is the northernmost of the two pits between 607 and the NW section wall.

observations:
Full extent of this pit should be identified if area of excavation extended to the NW


description:
Fill of a pit in W corner of room 37; soft brown soil with inclusions of pebbles, small stones, pieces of charcoal. Only 1/3 part is visible , the rest is hidden under the wall of excavation trench. Approx. diameter is 60-70 cm, ca. 20cm deep; located in western side of area between wall 607 and NW section wall of our trench


desc_brief:
Cut for pit in W corner of room 37 behind the wall 607.

description:
A pit/cut in bedrock; 60 cm in diameter, 20 cm deep.Only 1/3 of this pit was excavated. The rest is partly under the NW section of our excavation trench on the NW side of wall 607; it seems also to be partly covered by stones either from wall 607 or from another wall running at right angles to the NW

observations:
The rest of this pit should be investigated if excavation extends to the NW in this area


description:
The wall on solid bedding layer upon slabs/bedrock in SE side of room 37; direction : NE-SW; dry stone wall with two faces, with only one to one-and-a-half courses preserved, in which are large but irregular stones; length - 215 cm; 56 cm in wide; height -22-27 cm.; this wall was covered both by soil and by the much later wall 495; in 2006, this wall was found to abut another wall running on a perpendicular line to the NW (see context sheet for 2006 for details)


description:
Wall on earth fill in SE side of room 37, along the same line as 692 but at a substantially higher level and slightly wider where it sits above 692; wall of dry masonry of large irregular stones faced on both sides; direction: NE - SW; length -1,2 m; 70 cm in wide; height 35 cm. Only one course of masonry remains.

observations:
May be this wall is the prolongation of 692 wall but sitting on top of a thicker layer of  bedding.  It is also possible that the hooks found in this wall should be associated with one of the Early Byzantine floor surfaces over the slabs (perhaps 620, especially since similar hooks were found there)


description:
30 X 35 cm rectilinear  feature of compact, silt/clay loam filled with burnt ceramics, flecks of ash. Thin walls 4 cm thick. Grey ash over a dark chocolate brown, burnt (?) earth, around a central depression. Charcoal and carbonized natural inclusions (fish-bones)

observations:
An carbonized olive pip was identified, mapped, and sampled in the field (per ATR), but it was unfortunately crushed in the wheel barrow. Entire hearth sampled for paleo.


description:
24 x 20 cm "staple" shaped hearth feature on floor of 672. Thin 2 cm walls. Grey-ash smooth and compact overlying a dark chocolate brown, patch of burnt (?) earth or a roughly square shape.


desc_brief:
Fill of the cut in bedrock, N corner of room 30

description:
Dark grey/brown compact soil with a fragments of ceramics, tiles, bones; located in N corner of room, 70x50cm, depth 30-35 cm, filling bedrock cut in that area below the level of 678

observations:
The fill consists of two layers: the upper (7-10 cm) is a brown-grey with a lime crumb and stones. Compact. The lower is brown with a little of ceramic frag-s. The two layers were not distinguished during excavation, but one layer may represent fill associated with the period of use and the other, fill associated with abandonment; NB: very small quantity of ceramic evidence suggests 13th c. fill, but it is possible that the 2 frags. of 13th c. pottery (local amphora, Zeuxippos ware) are contamination from a foundation trench vel sim. that went unrecognized during excavation


desc_brief:
Cut in bedrock in N corner of room 30, filled by 697

description:
Cut in bedrock in the N corner of  room 30: semicircular shape that disappears in smooth curve under walls of N corner of room 30; radius of cut ca. 50cm, depth 30cm max, sloping sides revealing natural (?) shelves along limestone bedding layers


description:
Squarish cut in N corner of Rm 30. ~40x30 cm, 25cm deep, cut into earlier level of a floor (?) or into lower fill of other, larger cut in N corner


desc_brief:
Fill of cut 699 in center of larger cut in N corner of room 30

description:
Brown soil with fragments of ceramics, small pieces of charcoal ca. 25x35 cm, occupies roughly rectangular patch 25cm deep (almost to bedrock)

observations:
One 13th c. amphora fragment from this fill (local type)


desc_brief:
Soft brown layer in courtyard by S part of wall 692


desc_brief:
Soft yellowish brown soil in courtyard by SE part of wall 692

description:
Soft soil with inclusions of small stones.

observations:
We founded a few pieces of plasture equal to those we founded in room 37 ,639 context.


desc_brief:
Very soft dark brown soil in courtyard in the corner made by walls 265 and 693


desc_brief:
Fill of cut in bedrock in West wing of room 31

description:
Loose soil made up of gray brown mixed with stones of little dimensions.


description:
The cut is placed along the W side of the W wing of the room. It is constituted by one space aligned SW/NE, connected by a short and narrow channel (around 20 cm width) filled by 704. The northen space is long and narrow (1,20 x 0,30 m)


description:
Almost squared cut in the E wing at 40 cm at west of 708. The edges measure around 30 cm and the border slopes towards the centre, except the southern that is vertical.


desc_brief:
Very loose dark brown soil with inclusions in East part of East wing of room 31 (fill of 708)

description:
Very loose dark brown soil with inclusions of loose stones, pottery, bits of charcoal.


description:
Quadrangular cut (aroun 40 cm for side), with straight edges. The E  border slopes towards W, the others are almost vertical.

observations:
Aligned with the cut 706 along the wall 217.


desc_brief:
Loose brown fill with loose bits of eroded bedrock inclusions in East part of East wing of room 31

description:
Very loose dark brown soil, mixed with bits of eroded limestone and charcoal; high density ofvery fragmented bones, pottery and tiles.


description:
Ellipsoidal cut at N of cut 708 (around 0,90 x 0,55 m), with an increase of the northen border towards wall 264, characterized by almost squared edges (0,50 x 0,25 m). The borders are alomost vertical, along which it is possible to discern archaeological contexts affected by 710. In the northen part of the space of the cut three roughly squared stones are visible.


desc_brief:
Pile of stones in N corner of SE part of room 38

description:
Accumulation of stones in SE side of the room, next to the N corner of the area desribed by the cut of the bedrock and the wall 257. The stones are mixed with very loose (graysh brown: 10 YR - 5/2) mixed with pottery and tiles.


desc_brief:
Layer of loose brown soil with stones in SE part of room 38

description:
Layer of loose and brown soil with stones in SE part,mixed with bones and pottery. It is extended all over the space delimited by the squared bedrock-cut in E part of the room 38.

observations:
The layer was removed partially the last day. Next to the wall 201 brown-reddish soil mixed with with bits of charcoal appeared.


desc_brief:
Compact yellowish brown soil in South wing of room 31


desc_brief:
Circular cut in bedrock in W corner of room 33

description:
Circular cut in bedrock shelf in west corner of room 33 40 x 45 cm, 26 cm deep. Very regular, with steep smooth sides, sides seem to be worked to this finish.

observations:
Possibly filled with material from 519/661. Noted glazed ware from fill of bedrock cut.


desc_brief:
Yellowish clayey soil in NW courtyard by walls 692 and 693

description:
Solid yellowish soil with inclusions of clay ( floor of hardened soil).


description:
Soft greyish brown soil with yellow and white inclusions just over bedrock - bedding layer for slabs.

observations:
More investigation probably necessary to establish a better date for the construction of the pavement -- this layer does, however, seem to extend beneath most of the slabs preserved in this area


desc_brief:
Layer of compact eroded bedrock in W wing of room 31


description:
Bell-like cut in the W corner of Room 30 under the NW wall, diam. 45 cm.; depth up to 40cm, cut was open when wall built, since wall has been built down into it; shape is that of an inverted cone with a rounded end

observations:
The pit was probably larger than the extent indicated here, but the extent to the W could not be excavated because of the pile of conservation stones laid down to protect the pit excavated along the SW side in 2004


description:
Series of small stone slabs laid flat in front of wall (?) 682, which separates them from the NW part of the courtyard; at a later date, another wall was built over them in this area, perhaps protecting them from removal -- the new wall served as the NW wall of tomb 4


desc_brief:
Dry stone wall with dormiente between rooms 30 and 25


desc_brief:
Blocking of door between rooms 38 and 31

description:
Rough stones placed in earthen mortar filling a door in wall 264, between room 38 and room 31. This blocking seems to be contemporary with the buttressing of this wall from room 38; it sits on a soil fill about 25cm thick that covers the original sill (?) of this door


desc_brief:
Bench stone just at E corner of Main street


desc_brief:
Cut for fill of context 563 in central courtyard

description:
The interface between this cut and the cut SR546 [for context 525] was difficult to discern, and it is likely that the contexts 525 and 563 were mixed. The cut was crescent-shaped, lipping around the N edge of context 525, approximately 80 cm X 80 cm and 20 cm in depth. Cut had sloping edges and a sloping bottom surface [down towards 525]

observations:
I believe this cut and the cut for context 525/cut 546 are contemporaneous.


desc_brief:
Cut in the bedrock in S corner of W wing of room 31.

description:
Squared of bedrock following the line of 398 and 399, forming so a right angle. The surface of the bedrock is flat; over wich the walls 398 and 399 lay.


desc_brief:
Cut in the bedrock parallel to 398 in S corner of W wing of room 31.

description:
Straight cut aligned SW/NE direction, at 64 cm from wall 398 and parallel to this. The border of the cut is straight.


desc_brief:
Straight cut in the N corner of room 31 (W wing)

description:
Straight cut in the bedrock placed in the N corner. In section the cut is characterized by a richt angle cut, with a flat and regular surface and vertical border.


description:
The pit is  placed in the W corner of W wing. It is almost circular (diameter 1,30 m).In the W side it concerned the bed rock where the border slopes towards the centre. In the E side, the cut concerned the araeological deposits and it is characterized by almost vertical border.


desc_brief:
Semicircular cut in the bed rock in S corner of the room 38.


desc_brief:
Cut in the bedrock in room 33 forming possible dark age house.

description:
Appx 4 by 2m irregular bedrock cut with obvious cutting in N.E. and SE. corners of the depression. Appx 50 cm deep across the room. Roughly oval shape, sides step down slightly along natural planes in bedrock. Break in bedrock where pit found in 36


desc_brief:
Squared cut in the bedrock in the E side of the room 38.

description:
Huge squared cut in the bedrock placed in the E side of rthe room. It is U shaped oriented to NE. The northern side, which crosses the room, is englobed by 257, of which the layng level of stepped "foundation"corresponds almost with edge of the cut.


desc_brief:
reinforcement of the wall 264 in room 38


description:
Deep, regular, sub-rectangular cut in bedrock along the NE wall of room 30, depth: 40-50cm. The rest of the cut goes under the NE wall of Rm 30. The cut shows a straight edge and a good corner at its S angle; it may be cut by another cut at the E corner, and contains further bedrock cuts in its floor surface; ca. 2m x 3m, but full dimensions unclear since the rest of the cut is obscured by later constructions. This cut may connect (at its E corner?) with another bedrock-cut structure on the other side of the same wall in room 31 -- this latter structure showed a break in its bedrock wall at the S corner that might correspond with a break in the bedrock at the E corner of this cut; the bottom of the cut was very flat and level, although its stepped up in a rough semicircle at the E end (in area of potential other cut -- see sketch or plan)


desc_brief:
Cut in the bedrock in E part of rm 30 under the NE wall

description:
Roughly (semi)circular cut in the floor of the larger cut 733 along the NE side of room 30, shallow with gently sloping walls. Radius 35cm,depth 5-8cm. The rest of the cut goes under the NE wall of Rm 30, so full extent not recorded; bottom surface irregularly worked, found filled with ashy layer more or less on same level as floor surface

observations:
It seems like this cut was functionally connected with SR733--hearth of original sunken-floor structure?


desc_brief:
wall of next block to NE across stenopos.


desc_brief:
Cut in the ground for a well in W courtyard

description:
Diameter 2,5 m; round shaped ; 80 cm deep.


description:
Cut made for rectilinear construction of Tomb 5. Approximate dimensions are 2.64 x 1.24 m (these are the outer dimensions of stone construction of Tomb 5).


desc_brief:
Cut for a pit in E corner behind the wall 693 in the courtyard

description:
A pit\cut in bedrock 30 cm into depth , oval shaped 35 x 20 cm.


observations:
Thie paper context sheet is missing - presumed lost.


description:
Doorsill/threshold consisting of irregular, medium-sized rocks packed closely together in a particularly hard brown clayey earthen mortar


desc_brief:
Threshold of door between room 33 and room 28

description:
Single row of medium (15-20cm) irregular stones arranged roughly in doorway between rooms 28 and 33, following the line of the SW side of the wall between the two rooms.  The stones do not seem to have been held together with earth mortar, though they do seem to be partially covered by a hard-packed earth layer in room 33 to the northeast.  They do not seem to bond with the door-jamb on either side, but the sill as a whole does seem to have been created during the last phase of the doorway

observations:
These stones appeared to be covered by the hard-packed soil 657, which in turn seems to bond with/be equal to 658 -- but this area presented confusing stratigraphy in 2004, and the conclusions here are not certain


desc_brief:
Threshold of door into room 36 from stenopos


desc_brief:
Threshold of door into room 38 from stenopos


desc_brief:
Blocking of door between room 38 and room 31

description:
THIS NUMBER IS A DUPLICATE OF 263 AND DOES NOT REPRESENT ANY SEPARATE FEATURE: FOR DETAILS OF THIS STRUCTURE, SEE CONTEXT SHEETS FOR 263 FROM 2002, 2004, AND 2005


desc_brief:
Narrowing of door between rooms 28 and 33 (on NW jamb only)


description:
Layer of light brown soil - with large amount of bone, pottery fragments, seashells, and rocky inclusions.

observations:
This layer was begun during the 2005 season so it has rested under backfill for a year.  Additionally, just shortly after it was uncovered from the backfill the area expereinced two days of periodic heavy rain.  This left standing water in some of the lower sections (E and W corners).  This may have affected interpretation of soil color, etc.

dating_elements:
Bronze Coin (#3408) appears to be datable to Byzantine Emperor Basil I (r.867-886); Glass bracelet fragment (#3392) and pottery are datable to Constantinople productions of 9-10c.


description:
Cut for a pit within the greater cut 900 in the NW part of the room.  The cut is made up of squared edges on the SW side and semicircular edges on the NE. Along the SE edge there is a square shaped entrance (width 0,58 m; length 0.90 m) perpendicular to the edge of the pit. The overall dimensions of the pit are 2.23 m x 1.04 m. This pit was discovered last season and, though it was thought to be completely excavated, there was yet one more layer before it was complete.

observations:
There is some doubt about the bottom layers of this pit, but not the pit itself.


description:
Stairs or wall abutment turned stairs, in the W corner of room 38 above cut 900.


desc_brief:
Soft yellowish-brown soil in courtyard by SE part of wall 692


desc_brief:
Compact yellowish brown soil in east wing of room 31


desc_brief:
Dark brown loose soil in E corner of room 38

description:
Layer of dark brown soil underneath a large stone, left along the southern part of the E wall (wall 257) of room 38 in the 2005 season.  The material under the stone was compact from the pressure of the stone but was otherwise easily removed, and filled with pottery and bone.  There were no special finds, though there were iron nails.

observations:
This layer was revealed prematurely on the second day of excavation. Only after bringing the rest of the room down to this level was it clear that it was equal to Context 753.


desc_brief:
Squared cut in bedrock in the E side of room 38

description:
Large, very deep cut in the bedrock in the SE part of the room.  The cut is basically sqaure and measures slightly more than 2 1/2 meters deep, below the bedrock ridge on its NE side.  The cut narrows as it gets deeper, and also shows some signs of gouging (for beams?) along its vertical sides.


desc_brief:
Yellowish compact clay in east corner of east wing of room 31


desc_brief:
Light brown compact soil with inclusions in east wing of room 31


desc_brief:
Cut for pit in south corner of east wing of room 31


desc_brief:
Fill of pit 750 in south corner of east wing of room 31


desc_brief:
Fill in north courtyard close to corner made by walls 265 and 693

description:
Compact dark greyish brown silty loam. Artifacts include tiles, ceramics, bones and stones. The top of the context was photoed in the NW area of the open trench, but because we [had already] excavated through most of it in the NE area [across the balk it was not included in the photo]. Context 752 does not extend all the way across the balk but is on both sides of it.Context is approximately 15-20 cm in depth [See sketch for plan] in Areas 1 and 2, but becomes thinner, less than 5 cm, in Area 3.

observations:
Context 703 was actually 'in the corner' made by the walls 265 and 593; and context 752 abutts wall 265 and is between that [wall 265] and the well. Some modern fill (approximately 5 cm) covered this context. Context extends over the entire surface between section1 and section 2. Extended a third of the way into Area 3. Some debate on whether or not this context equals 0509.


desc_brief:
Brown soil with inclusions in SE part of room 38

description:
Layer of loosely packed,  medium brown soil, heavy with debris of all types - especially iron nails (50+), pottery sherds, glass fragments and bronze (copper alloy) coinage.  This layer was very thick - easily 20cm - and filled the whole of cut 728. There was very little ash or charcoal in this layer, though, as we reached the next context layer, there was an increasing amount of clay lumps in the soil and it became much more compact.  There were also very many medium-large stones (many reused).

observations:
There is doubt about the mingling of layers 754 and 753. Although, at one point, it appeared that 754 (which covered 753) had been fully removed, the further we went down in that area, the more we find greyish soil that appears to still be 754. So, at this point, it appears that 753 surrounded 754 but, we have begun to treat them as the same layer.

dating_elements:
Copper alloy (bronze) coin dating to the reign of Basil II and Constantine (series dates to c.1012-1025), and glass bracelet fragments


desc_brief:
Light gray ashy soil with stones in SE part of room 38

description:
This layer consisted of very ashy, gray soil filled with many stones, rock, ceramic and metal fragments. The earth was fairly well compacted, and easily distinguished from the layer beneath.  This layer also contained many seashells and was much less deep than 712 (the layer directly covering it).

observations:
There was doubt, initially, concerning whether this layer covered or was covered by 753 - In one attempt to figure this out we "troweled around" a bit and may have slightly contaminated the intersection of 754 and 753.  It is still not clear, though, that this layer was closed properly as it seems to continue into context 758.

dating_elements:
Numismatic finds - datable to Bail I and other Byzantine emperorships in the 9-10th centuries


desc_brief:
Loose ashy dark brown soil in NW courtyard

description:
Loose ashy dark brown soil in NW courtyard w/ some yellow clay inclusions. Dimensions are approximately 60 cm NE/SW and 110 cm NW/SE and approximately 2-3 cm in depth

observations:
We originally thought this layer extended across the balk, but later determined the other side to be a separate context (759). Two nails recovered (and slag?). Maybe associated with context 0805. Did not extend into Area 2 [at least we did not locate it].


desc_brief:
Brown soil with charcoal inclusions and traces of burning in east wing of room 31


description:
Loose brown layer that had a high concentration of ceramics (many large in size ~10-20 cm). Dimensions of context [in Area 1] are approximately 70 X 70 cm. It was not very thick, less than 5 cm in depth from Dima's previously excavated trench to section 1. From section 1 to section 2 it varied in depth, taking a dive to as much as 15 cm in the center between the well and section 2. However, on both sides of the well it remained thin and near section 2 it thinned again. It was not located in Area 3, possibly due to the several pits that extended across the unit near section 2.

observations:
Context is surrounded by Wall 297 on the west, unexcavated CY on the south, excavated trench on the north and the balk between the well and well on N/NE. One piece of slag recovered. Area 2 contained vitreous and iron slag. Filled a sort of depression, but was not well-defined and was not given/designated a cut, Plan 90 shows the resulting slope.


desc_brief:
Brown clayey layer between well and previously excavated trench, NW courtyard

description:
Contains a high concentration of artifacts. Dimensions are approximately 2.2 M across the unit and 35 cm between the previously excavated trench and well.

observations:
This layer may be related to context 757.


desc_brief:
Yellow-Orangish brown layer across N courtyard, Area 2 and into Area 3

description:
Brown loam layer with yellow and orange clay inclusions that extends all the way across the unit except for [where] the wall trench (possible) in the NW side (adjacent to wall 265). In addition to the abovementioned clay inclusions there were eroded limestone fragments (white and likely bedrock), several fragments and lumps of plaster (3 bags), and an approximately 6cm [in diameter] lump of greenish clay. Also contains many flecks of charcoal especially between section 1 and 2. Depth varies from 10-15 cm and composition is similar to context 0772.

observations:
Also eroded limestone fragments (white). Note: 8-10 millstone fragments from this context and SR758 were all concentrated in the same 75 X 75 cm area (see sketch). Two nails recovered. This layer also extends from section 1 to section 2 over the majority of the surface and about 1/3 of the way into Area 3.


desc_brief:
Circular cut in 617, west wing of room 31


desc_brief:
Fill of wall trench (wall 265), NE courtyard

description:
Soft brown soil with few artifacts. Context is adjacent to wall 265 and extends approximately 60 cm from the wall and into the profile of section 1. Approximately 25-30 cm in depth. This context extended from section 1 to section 2 narrowing as it approached section 2. (see notebook and plan for sketches).

observations:
This layer is covered by an ashy very dark greyish brown soil [755] that looks much like those excavated last year in the courtyard that were associated with metalworking activities.


desc_brief:
Cut for wall trench (wall 265), courtyard

description:
Distinct cut parallel to wall 265 [and wall 50] that cut through the pit (Context 770) down to the bedrock. Bottom was gently sloping with fairly straight walls in the profile of section 1. The cut was approximately 65 cm (NE-SW) towards the bottom and 3.6 M along walls 50 and 65.

observations:
In the profile, once cleaned for drawing, there appears to be a small layer of lighter soil below the cut. It will likely receive another context number (830).


desc_brief:
Compact brown soil in east wing of room 31


desc_brief:
Stenopos, fill of the  trench for wall 292

description:
Compact soil under the wall on the Stenopos. Brown. Doesn't have many inclusions. Extends from the wall in 25-30 cm.


description:
Very compact stoney layer consisiting of tiles, bricks, ceramic fragments. Also includes metal slags, bones… Has a sloping down in its center along the street.


desc_brief:
Layer of compact eroded bedrock in west wing of room 31


desc_brief:
Very compact soil in W corner of SE part of room 38

description:
Layer of very compact soil that lay, initially, under a large paving stone.  Once the paver was removed, the soil became much more loose, and a lighter shade of brown and produced lots of small - medium sized rocks, and very large broken pieces of pythoi.  There were only small ceramics and bone otherwise.

observations:
Although when first encountered this small section seemed like a very different, compacted layer - it may just be compacted as a result of the rains and our walking on it. It covers 785 and thus may be material from 753.


desc_brief:
Stenopos - cut for wall trench (context number 766)

description:
30-38 cm deep U-shape cut. Its NW edge extends from the wall 292 in 25-30 cm.


description:
Dimensions of pit are 84 cm (NW-SE) X 97 cm (NE-SW) [63 cm to the wall trench 762] and 55 cm in depth. Dark brown fill of soil with little clay. The pit was constructed by a well-formed circular cut into the bedrock. The sides are slightly steep with a rounded bottom.

observations:
Only 3 or 4 pieces of tile and very little shell. We are unable to tell if one of the edges W/SW/S are bedrock or a slab/paving stone?


description:
Cut with fairly steep edges and a rounded bottom. At surface the dimensions are 90 cm (N-S) X 95 cm (E-W) and the depth is 55 cm from the surface of bedrock/slab? The south and west surface of the cut is higher than the north and (even higher than that from the) east.

observations:
This context was PMP (photo model project) #13. Uncertain whether S and W are bedrock or slab.


desc_brief:
Compact yellowish brown soil in N courtyard

description:
A very compact yellowish brown soil that occurs on both sides of the slab (773). To the east of the slab the dimensions are 57 cm (NE-SW) X 44cm (NW-SE). To the west of the slab the dimensions are 55 cm (NE-SW) X 81 cm (NW-SE). After removing 0774 it was determined that 0772 extended across the entire area between 0773 and wall296/297. The yellow is due to clay inclusions. The dimensions to the east of the slab [0773] also increased; see context extent and sketch plan.

observations:
The difference between this context and 759 is very subtle, having to do more with compaction and structure rather than color or [types/quantities of] artifacts recovered. This context may have more clay in it. Photo SR1097 [and others] are to show the full extent of 772 in the NW part of courtyard. The context extends into various areas in section 1 to section 2. The extent was shot in as spot heightss, though I may not have shot in the area S/SE of the robbers trench ) 0837/0841.


desc_brief:
Large slab running under wall 692, courtyard

description:
Large stone slab that is approximately 55 cm (NE-SW) X 1 M (NW-SE) and at least 15 cm in height.

observations:
The bedrock to the NE of 773 is cut so that the slab fits into it.


description:
A dark grayish brown loam with the dimensions of 1.7 M (NE-SW) X 74 cm (NW-SE); the depth of this layer is very thin, less than 5 cm.


desc_brief:
Disintegrated bedrock with inclusion of ceramic in W part of east wing of room 31


desc_brief:
Cut for pit in S corner of E wing, Room 31


desc_brief:
Fill of pit (context number 776) in S corner of E wing of Room 31


description:
Compact soil including stones, ceramics, tile fragments, bones, lime crumble and stones. Light-yellow on the top. Near 30 cm deep.


desc_brief:
Compact plaster area in N part of west wing in room 31


desc_brief:
Stenopos - cut in the middle of the street in 2nd surface


desc_brief:
Fill of semicircular cut in bedrock in S corner of room 38

description:
This layer fills cut 729  in the S corner of the room, at the cut's S end.  It measures 70cm in length (of the greater cut that is 119cm) and it, at its widest point, 49cm wide, and at its narrowest, 36cm. It is teardrop-shaped as a result of the cut into the bedrock, and later wall built atop of it. The soil is medium brown and rather compact, including a fair amount of debris.

observations:
This is definitely a separate layer but its separation from 781 is less clear. It appears that these are similar if not the same, just squeezed into a small space in the bedrock.


desc_brief:
Brown loose soil in cut 901 and under wall 264, room 38

description:
This very small layer filled only a very small (exposed) area of cut 901 in room 38.  The soil was loose and soft and contained almost no material. It was distinguished from its neighboring 780 by the looseness of the soil, though the color and texture of the soils were quite similar.

observations:
Since excavating this area, and removing the large stones that covered the northern portion of cut 729, we gave this northern portion a new context number - cut 901.  901, then, is the actual location of this small fill. 781 continues only in 901, and not in 729.


description:
A soft brown loam with very few orange clay inclusions. Consistency was fulls of chunks of bedrock and other small stones. The dimensions of this context are 1.7 M (NE-SW) X 60 cm (N-W-SE) and approximately 5-7 cm in depth. This context covered small bits of what was left of context 0788, but it also seemed to cover areas of bedrock where 0788 was absent.

observations:
Compared to previous layers there were [far] fewer ceramics and bone. Porportionately there was more plaster. Nail found in very bottom of context.


desc_brief:
Soft  brown loam adjacent to wall 0692  in NW courtyard

description:
A soft brown loam with the dimensions of 30 cm (NW-SE) and 20 cm (NE-SW) amd 5 cm in depth. The layer was situated directly over bedrock and was void of artifacts except for a single piece of plaster. Uncertain how much of the context was missed because we did not recognize it until the majority of the originally [initially] named context 0783 was removed.

observations:
Theoritically should be equivalent to 0715 from last season? 0783 was changed from the originally identified fill that extended from wall 296 to context 0773 [slab] to a small slice (see sketch plan) of brown soil void of ceramics and bone above bedrock. Excavator found a cigarette butt in the originally named fill, identifying it as modern backfill from last year. A profile was cut revealing an obvious break. What remained under backfill was assigned 0783.


desc_brief:
Compact clayish soil above bedrock in E corner of room 38

description:
This very thin layer consisted of erroded, clay bedrock material just above the bedrock itself. There was very little debris in this area and only one obect of note. The soil was very compact and clay-like, with a yellowish color.


desc_brief:
Brown compact soil in center of SE part of room 38

description:
Covering the entirety of cut 728, this layer of debris-rich soil was very thick - at least 3 meters.  The layer yielded an extremely large amount of small finds, especially (also) iron nails and metal objects.


desc_brief:
Fill with brown soil around drain box in Stenopos

description:
Dark graish brown soil with a stones of 5-10 cm diameter.


desc_brief:
Cut in bedrock for drain construction in Stenopos

description:
Square-like (in vertical section) cut in a bedrock. Depth: near 10 cm. Widht: 25 cm. Length: N/A, but seems to go under the road at least 12 m


description:
Very compact orange-ish layer (mostly clay) that is located under the slabs. Layer has very few artifacts; only three sherds and one piece of bone.


desc_brief:
Brown soil in semicircular cuts 0729 and 0901 in room 38

description:
Compact brown layer of soil spanning cuts 729 and 901. This layer was, though excavated separately, the last above bedrock in these narrow cuts. Two large stones rested on the top of this area (part of context 890) and caused 790 (and associated layers above it) to be slightly more compacted here.

observations:
There is doubt, of course, that the layer of material in the portion of the cuts that was excavated in June and that done in July do not match exactly.  However, I am reasonably certain that they are - and I am supported by both my notes and elevation measurements from the GIS project.

dating_elements:
Roman Diocletian coin (c. 285-286), antoninian (denomination)


description:
Olive brown soil; loose, doesn't include a lot of inclusions. 11 - 15 cm deep.


desc_brief:
Fill of pit in bedrock under wall 217 in room 31


desc_brief:
Cut for pit in bedrock under wall 217 in room 31


desc_brief:
Construction of clay and tiles in S corner of E wing of room 31


description:
Layer of compact, clayish soil.  This was fairly well compacted and was not terribly well delineated in the area opposite Cut 601.  The soil contained a lot of ceramic and bone, with just a few pieces of glass and metal.  There was an abundance of sea stones and sea shells.

observations:
The only doubts might spring from the fact that this layer seemed artifically compacted (not a use surface) perhaps from our use of it in this year's work, and Italo in last year's work. So, this layer, in some areas, did not seem ultimately distinguishable from the layer beneath, context 827.


desc_brief:
Semicircular cut in the bedrock in S corner of room 38

description:
Southern most semicircular cut in the bedrock adjacent to cut 728 and under wall 264.


desc_brief:
Tile collapse on top of clay (c.n. 795) in E wing of room 31


desc_brief:
Beaten brown earth (floor?) in E wing, room 31


desc_brief:
Content of vessel found in a corner of E wing of room 31


desc_brief:
Stenopos, brown compact soil with inclusions of ceramic, shells, and bone fragments (4th surface)


desc_brief:
Stenopos, light yellow compact mix of clay and lime (4th surface)


desc_brief:
Courtyard, loose brown fill for walls 50 and 265 trench

description:
Loose brown soil that extends the length of walls 50 and 265 between section 1 and 2. It is irregularly shaped, larger in width near section 1 and wall 265, then narrowing as it extends towards section 2 and wall 50. May not have been narrowing see notes/doubts and SM notebook.

observations:
We did not recognize this context prior to opening up to section 2. This could be due to the disturbance caused by the modern trench and/or the exploded bomb found in context 0703. After a weekend of rain and removing context 0759 we noticed that the extent of the trench was regular and not narrowing towards section 2. This was below the level of context 0804, so we are unsure if we missed the cut at defintion. This is the most likely explanation, though it is possible that after the fill 0762 and 0805 something really strange happened?


desc_brief:
Courtyard, small lense of plaster and charcoal adjacent to wall 265

description:
Dimensions of context at definition are 90 cm (NW-SE) X 70 cm (NE-SW) and approximately 10-12 cm in depth. Context was a little deeper towards section 1. Layer has many fragments of plaster, many 2-3 cm in diameter, and flecks of charcoal approximately 1/4-1/2 cm in diameter are also abundant. There was also a small bit of this context in the corner of section 2 and wall 50.

observations:
I do not believe that the context extends under 0757. The quantity of ceramics and bone were comparable [in count/weight], whereas in most contexts ceramics outnumber bone. The bone was also large and intact,very few samll pieces of bone.


desc_brief:
Box drain with slab covers in the center of Stenopos


desc_brief:
Cut for a ceramic vessel (special find number 3643), room 31


desc_brief:
Ashy layer in west corner of SE part of room 38

description:
This very small layer covered a paving stone or floor of some type. It was very compact, damp and grey. It had very few inclusions - a few pieces of ceramic.


desc_brief:
Light brown very compact soil mixed with mortar, west wing of room 31


desc_brief:
Brown loose soil with high concentration of metallurgical byproduct in NW part of room 38

description:
Layer of loose brown soil that began to show the extremely distinct layer of yellow material directly beneath.  This layer had three distinct colors and areas of material - a brown soil, an orangish material, and a yellow material. There was very little debris in the soil.  The area extended up upon the bedrock cut in the center of the room.


desc_brief:
Fill of clay construction (c.n. 0795), east wing of room 31


desc_brief:
Loose brown fine soil above bedrock in NW courtyard


desc_brief:
Layer of compact clay exposed to fire in a middle of construction 0795, east wing of room 31


desc_brief:
Cut for the fill of context 0804, courtyard

description:
This is not a context it was misassigned, it should be [SEE] 0763.


desc_brief:
Fill of pit in S coutyard corner of wall 296 and section 2

description:
At defintion the pit appeard to be 60 cm (NE-SW) X 1 M (NW-SE), however at approximately 15 cm below surface of definition it was determined to be two pits side by side. The other [pit is] 0823. After both were identified the dimensions are 60 cm (NE-SW) X 84 cm (NW-SE) and approximately 30 cm in depth. The soil was very dark brown with few clay inclusions. The sides are steep with a relatively flat bottom surface.

observations:
Artifacts were medium to large in size, not as fragmented as many other layers.


description:
The cut is 84 cm (NW-SE) X 60 cm (NE-SW) then narrowing to 30 cm (NE-SW) as it approaches section 2. The sides vary, 2 are steep and the other gently sloping. The Northeastern most edge abuts pit 0823. The cut is approximately 30 cm in depth and the bottom and edges look like eroded bedrock.

observations:
Cuts eroded bedrock versus "real" bedrock


desc_brief:
Brown layer of compact burnt clay in SE section of Stenopos


desc_brief:
Thin brown layer above bedrock, SE part of 38

description:
Layer of brown soil just above the erroded clay surface of the bedrock in cut 728 (S part of room 38). The soil was very damp, as it is near the water table, and had only a small amount of debris in it, though that debris was mostly "special." The soil had a rather strong, putrid odor when removed.

dating_elements:
Small piece of sculpted bone representing an eros, found in Sample #577


description:
Layer of 4 stone slabs and one tile that cover the drain-like cut in the bedrock (context at the bottom of Cut 874) at the bottom of Cut 728 in the S part of Room 38.  The stones were generally flat, and had some amount of black bacterial remains on their underside.  One stone was a fragment of a grindstone and one may have been taken from some previous architectural usage.


desc_brief:
Muddy layer between and under stone slabs in room 38

description:
Layer of brown mud/soil between and underneath the stone and tile slabs around cut 874 in the bottom of the S part of the room. The brown soil is packed around the stones, but also underneath the clay (geological) layer in the cut.  This layer produced only a very little bit of ceramic and bone, though much of it was taken for paleobotanical examination.

observations:
The only doubt I have about this layer is the extent to which we completed the removal of it. The area in the bottom of cut 874 is very wet and it is difficult to see if all of 821 has been removed.


description:
The cut is approximately 70 cm (NW-SE) X (NE-SW) and approximately 35-40 cm in depth with steep edges and a relatively flat bottom. The cut appears to extend under wall 296. One edge is a sharp/steep cut of bedrock, the other two edges are into soil (both into what may be a trench dug to rob stone slabs).


description:
The fill is a very dark brown loose soil with a high density of ceramics. There are also many faunal remains (bones), both bones and ceramics were especially concentrated near the wall. Near the bottom of the fill was 10-15 medium sized (10-15 cm in diameter) stones. The dimensions of this context can be located on a plan (90?) drawn by Allyson.

observations:
After collecting artifacts from about two-thirds of the fill Larissa identified the majority of the ceramics from the 9-10th centuries.


desc_brief:
Compact yellow clay covering ashy layer in E corner of E wind, room 31


desc_brief:
Ashy layer in E corner of E wing, room 31


desc_brief:
Layer of yellow clay in SE part of room 38

description:
Layer of thick, yellow clay just above the bedrock in the bottom of cut 728.  The layer was found around the drain and in a small depression just contiguous with it. There was very little debris here, save for a few pieces of ceramic and bone.


desc_brief:
Compact brown soil with charcoal and lime inclusions in NE part of room 38

description:
Layer of compact brown soil with charcoal and lime inclusions along the E and N walls (257 and 394, respectively) in the N part of the room (cut 900).  The material is rich in debris, especially pottery sherds, sea shells and bone. There are some bits of metal but not a great many nails or iron lumps.

observations:
The only doubts about this layer revolve round its relationship to the other layers in this side of the room (cut 900). Although it appeared that it might, 827 did not extend out of the NE part of the room - there are very different areas of soil as one moves W through the positive area.


desc_brief:
Layer of brown soil with inclusions, West wing, room 31


desc_brief:
Brown soil with traces of metallurgical activity, East wing, Room 31


desc_brief:
Layer above bedrock in wall trench of NE courtyard

description:
At definition this context extended 1.5 M from section 1 towards section 2 in the wall trench. It also extended approximately 60 cm from section 2 towards section 1. In between these two areas we did not find the context, though it may have been removed while excavating context 0762. The soil is a yellowish brown loam with clay.

observations:
This layer was easily distinguishable in the profile of section 1.


desc_brief:
Layer of loose yellow metallurgical byproduct (?), Room 38, NE Section

description:
Layer of extremely distinct yellow soil, with patches of darker orange material and charcoal in cut 900.  There were almost no finds in this layer - a few pieces of pottery and a couple of bones that could have been picked up from the layer beneath.  The material was odorless and soft (after troweling), with no metal finds.  The surface that it formed was uniform but uneven (not level).

observations:
This layer was remarkable in many ways - the colors, the compactness of the soil, the delineation of materials (through color and texture) and the absolute lack of finds - no real amount of ceramic or metals. When taking it off, I noticed that the orange material that outlined the yellow material when the layer was intact in fact formed the bottom (even if thin at points) of the layer.  Immediately beneath this layer was yet another very distinct layer and so the stratigraphic reliabilty is excellent.


desc_brief:
Fill of a pit in S corner of East wing, Room 31


desc_brief:
Cut for a pit in S corner of E wing, Room 31


description:
At defintion the cut is 60 cm X 60 cm and circular. Gently sloping edges with an uneven botoom. The fill was indistinguishable from context 0757 except for that it contained many roots in various stages of decomposition and many filaments (or small roots)


desc_brief:
Layer of clay below wall 748, E corner, E wing, Room 31


desc_brief:
Clayish yellow soil with crumbled lime, Stenopos


desc_brief:
Courtyard, trench with stones and clayey soil

description:
A dark brown clayey soil with medium sized (10-20 cm in diameter) staones. The dimensions are approximately 80 cm (NW-SE) and 3.6 M (E-SW), running from wall 296 to the wall trench 0762. The context/cut is perpendicular to walls 296 and 50. Artifacts including tile, ceramics and bone were prevelant throughout context, but especially concentrated near wall 0296.

observations:
Took topo/spotheights that approximate the extent of the context. Cut into bedrock on the SE edge and context 0772 on the NW edge. Adam frequently refers to this context as the robbers trench. It covered 0788 over the majority of the trench but approximately 70-80 cm from wall 0296 it covers bedrock.


desc_brief:
Layer of yellow compact soil in S corner of NW part of room 38

description:
Distinct layer of yellow clay-like material in the extreme SW corner of cut 900.  This layer was characterized by slightly more compact, yellow soil that was isolated in this corner and distinct from neighboring contexts in both color and consistency.

observations:
As with all of the layers that surrounded pit 601, there is some level of doubt about their integrity. This patch, of them all, was clearly different material and was not found on the opposite side of the pit.


desc_brief:
Gray ashy soil between bedrock and cut 0601 in NW part of room 38

description:
Layer of ashy soil along the bedrock cut 900.  This layer was isolated to a small (approx. 20cm) area.  The soil was especially rich in bones, though it also contained the standard pottery and seashells of the surrounding layers.


desc_brief:
Compact brown soil with charcoal and lime inclusions NE part of room 38

description:
Layer of compact brown soil with prominent inclusions of charcoal and lime throughout, similar to Context 827 but more compact.  This layer was rather thick and produced a lot of debris in the form of larger pieces of pottery and special finds.

observations:
The stratigraphy in this area is rather suspicious because Contexts 838 and 839, contexts that we thought might have a continuous relationship with 840, did not. 840 appears to be covered by 839 and its relationship with 838 (which is on the other side of the cut) is not clear (840 does not seem to extend around the cut as far as the SW corner).


desc_brief:
Cut for the fill of trench 0837 in courtyard

description:
A distinct cut with the dimensions of 80-90 cm (NW-SE) X 3.45 M (NE-SW) and approximately 45 cm in depth. The southern-most cut is into the bedrock and eroded bedrock and deeper (higher from surface of cut to top of cut) than the northern-most cut. The Northern cut is approximately 25 cm in depth and only extends about 2/3rds the length of the Southern cut. Both cuts are steep and the surface/bottom of the cut is flat.


desc_brief:
Stone and tile collapse (construction?) in north part of east wing, room 31


desc_brief:
Light brown soil with stones in south corner of west wing of room 31


desc_brief:
Brown soil-fill of cut 0846, Courtyard near section 2

description:
At definition [the dimensions are] approximately 45 cm (NE-SW) X 30 cm (NW-SE) and 15-20 cm in depth. It extends in the profile of section 2. This context cuts into the pit 0855 and I believe it post-dates 0855. The soil is a loose dark brown loam with little or no clay inclusions.

observations:
This was first identified as one pit, but there was a distinct difference between this and the context 0855 even though they appear to be in the same layer of cut bedrock. After fully excavating it looks as if there may be two cuts in bedrock. The rounder being 0855, the shallow square associated with 0845.

dating_elements:
4th-6th century Early Byzantine ceramics


desc_brief:
Cut in yellowish bedrock for fill of 0845, courtyard near section 2

description:
The dimensions of this cut are difficult to approximate because at first this and 0855 were thought to be the same. However, it is approximately 50 cm (NE-SW) X 35 cm (NW-SE) and ranging from 20-30 cm in depth. The sides are steep to sloping and the floor/surface is sloping into the cut made by 0856.

observations:
The photo of this context was taken after Area 2 was completely excavated and photograhed for documentation and PMP 62.


desc_brief:
Courtyard, compact red clayish soil near foundation trench at junction of walls 50 and 265


desc_brief:
Clay and pottery spot in 0842, E corner, room 31


desc_brief:
Compact brown fill with rubble above eroded bedrock

description:
At definition the context is 75 cm (NW-SE) X 1.05 M (NE-SW) and extends into the profile of section 2. The soil is compact and brown containing some ceramics, very few bones, shell and many small pieces of stone/eroded bedrock (from 5-10 cm in diameter). The context is also covered by a large stone that is in [extends into] the profile of section 2. Pit has very steep edges, is the depest pit in areas 1 and 2 and has a slightly conical form. In the bottom of the pit is a small circular cut that extends another 5-10 cm in depth (see profile sketch).

observations:
Small pieces of galss, nail. The photo of PMP 62 has the 2/3rds excavated photo, maybe of the section [?].


desc_brief:
Cut for fill of contect 0850, courtyard in Area 2 and 3

description:
The dimensions at surface are 108 cm (NE-SW) and 80 cm (NW-SE), though this latter will change, increasing if/when we excavate Area 3 to its depth. The cut reached 85-90 cm in depth and has steep walls with a slightly conical shape. There is a circular cut 35-38 cm in diameter and 12 cm in depth in the bottom of the pit (see context sheet sketch 0850). The bottom of this additional cut is relatively flat.

observations:
Cuts a bit of eroded bedrock, but the majority extends into real bedrock.


desc_brief:
Layer of crumbled/eroded bedrock, W. wing room 31


desc_brief:
Fine brown soil in courtyard between the well and foundation trench

description:
The soil is a fine loam somwwhat compact with orange-ish brown clay inclusions. The dimensions at definition are approximately 97 cm (NW-SE) X 1 M (NE-SW). Sides of pit are gently sloping on the NW and SW rim and steeper around the rest of the pit. The shape is generally a wide conical form, the depth is approximately 25 cm.

observations:
Although it has orangeish brown inclusions, this context was distinctly different form 0782, much more brown. According to Larissa, ceramics appear to be 6th century (mica in fabric) or late Roman to early Byzantine. Artifacts collected are exclusively from this area/pit providing relaiable dating material.


description:
Dark gray ashy fine silt loam. Covering approximately two-thirds of Area 3 it is only ~ 5-8 cm in depth.

observations:
Sample of charcoal- 642, This context covers the majority of Area 3 and there is debate whether it is equal to 0752, therefore covering the entire surface of the courtyard [including last year's excavations]. Only small amounts of tile. [Documentation] Photos available from PMP 54.


description:
Layer of compact greyish soil at the bottom of pit 601 as it was left in the 2005 season.

observations:
This layer is very much in doubt because it was both dumped upon and trampled for the first three weeks of excavation this summer.  Although spot heights confirmed that we were anywhere from 4-8 cm into this layer when we began excavating


description:
The dimensions at the surface [of bedrock] of cut are approximately 65 cm (NE-SW) X 65 cm (NW-SE) and 25 cm in depth. The sides are sloping and the shape of the cut is conical. The cut is higher on the N/NW edge and is several centimeters lower on the South edge.

observations:
Sketch has been included in database [from SM notebook]


desc_brief:
Compact grayish brown soil fill of 0856, courtyard near section 2

description:
The soil is compact and grayish brown with yellow inclusions of clay and eroded bedrock. Dimensions at definition are approximately 73 cm (NW-SE) X 66 cm (NE-SW) and 35 cm in depth. The sides are steep, except for the east edge where I think that 0845 and its cut extended and broadened in effect cutting/removing 0856/0855.

observations:
Small pieces of ceramic and few bones. See context sheet 0845 for explanation of identification and sketch.


desc_brief:
Cut for fill of 0855 in courtyard near section 2

description:
Well formed circular (70 X 70 cm) cut that is approximately 25-30 cm in depth. Eroded bedrock is around the entire edge except for the Western, not coincidently where 0845/0846 was situated. The walls are sloping to heavily sloping, but the bottom is relatively flat.

observations:
The first several centimeters are cut into the eroded bedrock, but the remainder is real bedrock. The sketch for this context is from SM notebook.


desc_brief:
Compact dark brown soil in north corner of SE part of room 38

description:
Small area of compact, dark brown, damp soil in the northern corner of cut 728, above the stone slabs that cover the drain feature. When the drain area was exposed by removing the slabs, this layer was visible around its cut.


desc_brief:
Sandy light tan soil in SE area 3 of courtyard


desc_brief:
Fill of pit under foundation trench in courtyard near junction of walls 50 and 265

description:
The fill was a loose brown soil with many flecks of charcoal. The dimensions at surface [definition] were 85 cm (NW-SE) X 1 M (NE-SW) and approximately 25-30 cm in depth. There was a concentration of charcoal in the top western inside edge of the pit. A paleobotanical sample was taken, but it is highly possible that the charcoal and prganic remains were form bioturbation (tree?).

observations:
Artifacts collected are exclusively from this area/pit providing relaible dating material.


description:
A shallow circular cut approximately 84 cm (NE-SW) and not completely sure about (NW-SE) but judging by the shape and form it is likely also close to 84 cm. The cut is approximately 15 cm in depth with a somewhat circular cut (approximately 28-30 cm in diameter) in the SE part that extends another 10 cm in depth.


desc_brief:
Fill of pit between slabs and robbers trench 0837 in area 2 of courtyard

description:
At definition the dimensions are approximately 60 X 60 cm and 25 cm in depth. The fill was a dark grayish brown soil with very few artifacts (only ceramics and bone) present. The sides are steep and the bottom is uneven. There is a cut stone (looks like a [smaller] stone slab 0666) that extends over the top of the fill.

observations:
Although I believe this was a pit, it is possible that it was a mold/place where a stone slab was removed. Artifacts collected are exclusively from this area/pit providing relaible dating material.


desc_brief:
Cut for the fill 0861 in area 2 of courtyard

description:
The cut is 60 cm (NW-SE) X 65 cm (NE-SW) and 25 cm in depth. The walls are steep and the bottom of the cut is uneven.

observations:
Cuts eroded bedrock, versus real bedrock (without soil and artifacts intruding into it).


desc_brief:
Loose brown soil in cut 0864, NE part of room 38

description:
Layer of loose brown soil filling cut 874 in the bedrock under wall 257, east side of cut 900. This soil was very loose and filled with larger ceramic fragments.

observations:
This material was treated as a separate context when, in fact, it may have been a continuation of 840, just more loose because it was protected from trampling.


desc_brief:
Cut for fill 0863 - cut in bedrock in NE part of room 38

description:
Cut in bedrock beneath wall 257 along east side of cut 900. The cut is about 30 cm deep and was filled with loose brown soil.

observations:
It is really not clear to me whether this cut is actually intentional and meant for the construction material/infrastructure of the basement, or if this is a natural depression or erosion in the bedrock.


desc_brief:
Fill of square pit south of 0860 in area 2, courtyard

description:
Dimensions at definition are approximately 50 cm (NW-SE) X 45 cm (NE-SW) and 15-20 cm in depth. Square in shape, it is unlike other pits in the courtyard. It has gradually sloping walls to steep walls and is shallow in depth with a flat bottom. Very few artifacts, approximately 3 or 4 sherds and a few bones, were recovered.

observations:
Very shallow for a pit? Artifacts collected from this context are exclusively from this area/pit providing reliable dating material.


desc_brief:
Cut for the fill of 0865 in area 2, courtyard

description:
The cut is square-ish in shape, 48 cm (NE-SW) X 56 cm (NW-SE) and 14 cm in depth. The sides are slight off [in other words not quite] parallel to walls 50 and 296. The walls are steep to gently sloping (depending on the location) and the floor is relatively flat.

observations:
Although it is likely that this is a small pit, I would not be surprised if this is a depression caused by bioturbation.


desc_brief:
Compact brown fill layer of pit 0601 in NW part of room 38

description:
Last layer of compact brown soil in cut 601. This layer appeared after taking off the remains of the last layer excavated last season, CH05 0668, and the cut of pit 601 could still be seen.  This layer only encompases the material within the original lines of cut 601.

observations:
The bottom of pit 601 is a contentious issue... This appears to be the last area solely isolated to this pit, and 668 is both the remains of pit 601's last layer last summer and the debris that accumulated in the pit as we were working around it in the beginning of this season.


desc_brief:
Fill of Pit in corner of walls 265 and 692, in north courtyard Area 1

description:
The soil was very compact, crumbly and brown with very little bone and small to medium pieces of ceramics. The cut was discovered while cleaning for photo of Area 2 and some of the context was covered by a hard layer of what appeared to be eroded bedrock and other parts were covered by conserved 'wall', which in my (and Adam's) opinion is [modern] fill and not a wall. The sides were steep but the pit was shallow and with a flat bottom surface.

observations:
Context in color and vaguely in composition (?) looked similar to 0830. Unsure of relationship to 0770, but [due to proximity and shape] it may be associated with the cut 0771.


description:
The cut is circular while paralleling wall 0693 and approximately 75 cm, then as it turns and parallels wall 0265 it straightens and becomes less prenounced (running straight for approximately 50 cm). The cut is approximately 18-20 cm at its greatest depth and is no longer visible as it reaches the area of wall (265) foundation trench 0763.

observations:
Possibly associated with cut and fill 0770 and 0771.


desc_brief:
Clay layer beneath stone slabs (0820) in SE part of room 38

description:
Small layer of clay used to fill around cut 874 in the bottom of cut 728. Material was dense and wet clay with very small amounts of ceramic and bone.


description:
Stone slabs placed to create a base for the larger stone slabs (820) that covered cut 874. These stones were placed on either side of, but not in, cut 874.


desc_brief:
Elipsoidal cut in bedrock in SE part of room 38

description:
Cut in the bedrock in the bottom of cut 728, in the SE part of the room.  The shape of the cut is elipsoidal or slightly pear-shaped.  The wider part of the cut is on the E side, with it narrowing as you move W. The cut measures 1.19 meters at its widest point legnthwise (E-W) and 63.5 cm at its widest point in width (N-S).


desc_brief:
Circular construction of stones and tiles in 0874, SE part of room 38

description:
Circular construction of small stones and tiles inside of cut 874. These stones and tiles were surrounded by dark brown soil and clay, and, at some times, water.


desc_brief:
Fine ashy gray patch in NW area 3 in courtyard


desc_brief:
Ashy black soil in N area 3 in courtyard


desc_brief:
Compact light brown soil in west corner of central part of church


